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Among the pQTLs that multiancestry fine-mapping MESuSiE confidently assigned as putative causal pQTLs in a specific population, most were shared across the three studied populations and are referred to as multiancestry causal pQTLs. These multiancestry causal pQTLs were enriched for exonic and promoter regions. To investigate their effects on disease, we modeled the 858 multiancestry causal pQTLs as instrumental variables using Mendelian randomization and genome-wide association study results for neurologic and psychiatric conditions (21 traits in participants with European ancestry, 10 in those with African ancestry and 4 in Hispanic participants). We identified 119 multiancestry pQTL\u2013protein pairs consistent with a causal role in these conditions. Remarkably, 29% of the multiancestry pQTLs in these pairs were coding variants. These results lay an important foundation for the creation of new molecular models of neurologic and psychiatric conditions that are likely to be relevant to individuals across different genetic ancestries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02291-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T11:22:15Z","timestamp":1757330535000},"page":"2156-2165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Multiancestry brain pQTL fine-mapping and integration with genome-wide association studies of 21 neurologic and psychiatric conditions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6360-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliza P.","family":"Wingo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selina M.","family":"Vattathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina S.","family":"Gerasimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suda Parimala","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1384-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananth","family":"Shantaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Seifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1783-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2685-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariet","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Ertekin-Taner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip L.","family":"De Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc M.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9647-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3153-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan I.","family":"Levey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas T.","family":"Seyfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7679-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Wingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-111721-074830","volume":"5","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Tsuo, K., Kanai, M., Neale, B. 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