{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:17:27Z","timestamp":1791965847221,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption typically leads to rapid HIV-1 viral rebound in people with HIV-1. To develop an HIV-1 cure, insight into immunological mechanisms capable of preventing HIV-1 viral rebound is urgently needed. Here, we describe three exceptional post-intervention controllers (PICs) who maintained ART-free virological control for &gt;6.5 years (ongoing), &gt;7.5 years (ongoing) and 2.5 years following administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies. PICs had quantifiable genetically intact\/inducible infectious proviral reservoirs that were increasingly clonal and located in nongenic\/centromeric chromosomal regions, indicating immune-mediated selection. Potent autologous neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses, pre-programmed for antigen response, were present before, and persisted during, ART interruption. In one PIC, viral rebound following 2.5 years of ART-free control was associated with accumulated viral mutations that resulted in escape from neutralizing antibody and T cell responses. Collectively, our findings support developing HIV-1 curative strategies aimed at enhancing pre-existing adaptive immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-026-02448-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T10:06:04Z","timestamp":1772532364000},"page":"812-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Autologous neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional T cells contribute to long-term HIV-1 post-intervention control"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8732-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro 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Aspects of the IPDA are the subject of patent application PCT\/US16\/28822 filed by J.H.U. with R.F.S. as an inventor and licensed to AccelevirDx. F.R.S. received payments from Gilead for participating at scientific meetings. R.B.J. has served as an advisor to ViiV Healthcare and received payment for this role. M.L. has acted as a paid consultant for ViiV, Merck and MPM BioImpact. H.G. and F.K. are inventors on patent applications on HIV-neutralizing antibodies filed by the University of Cologne and have received compensation from the University of Cologne for licensed patents. P.M. is currently employed by Pfizer Vaccines, which researches and develops antiviral therapeutics and vaccines for profit. J.N. is currently employed by BioNTech SE. C.L. received payments from Gilead for participating at scientific meetings and declares serving on scientific advisory boards for Pfizer, ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences and Merck. M.C. served on scientific advisory boards for Gilead, Merck and ViiV. M.C.N. is an inventor on antibody patents licensed by the Rockefeller University to Gilead. C. Gaebler received travel support from Gilead Sciences for participating at scientific meetings. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}