{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:28:29Z","timestamp":1793755709978,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01590-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T20:02:37Z","timestamp":1638302557000},"page":"2085-2098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":381,"title":["Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Deeks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancie","family":"Archin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0059-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Brad","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marein A. W. P.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lambotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanne","family":"Lamplough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thumbi","family":"Ndung\u2019u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Sugarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline T.","family":"Tiemessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linos","family":"Vandekerckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon R.","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Core Leadership Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marein","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 1 (Understanding HIV reservoirs)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaza","family":"Ndhlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chomont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zabrina","family":"Brumme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Jasenosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Jefferys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Orta-Resendiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 2 (HIV reservoir measurement)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Mardarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Nijhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Bar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Nabatanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 3 (Mechanisms of virus control)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Blankson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Victor","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Paiardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan van","family":"Lunzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Antoniadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Heloise","family":"C\u00f4rtes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 4 (Targeting the provirus)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole S.","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Sobhie","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melannie","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Dunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Schwarze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago Perez","family":"Patrigeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Nabukenya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 5 (Targeting the immune system)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devi","family":"SenGupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Dressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitch","family":"Matoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 6 (Cell and gene therapy)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Kiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Tebas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cissy","family":"Kityo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boro","family":"Dropulic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Louella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumitaa Theva","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 7 (Paediatric remission and cure)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Persaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Chahroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Luzuriaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanyawee","family":"Puthanakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Safrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaerolwe","family":"Masheto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group 8: (Social, behavioral and ethical aspects of cure)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Dub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Salzwedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udom","family":"Likhitwonnawut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguzhan Latif","family":"Nuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward Nelson","family":"Kankaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802905","volume":"360","author":"G Hutter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hutter, G. et al. Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 \u220632\/\u220632 stem-cell transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 692\u2013698 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1027-4","volume":"568","author":"RK Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta, R. K. et al. HIV-1 remission following CCR5\u220632\/\u220632 haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Nature 568, 244\u2013248 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, C. et al. Distinct viral reservoirs in individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1. Nature 585, 261\u2013267 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2651-8"},{"key":"1590_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003211","volume":"9","author":"A Saez-Cirion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saez-Cirion, A. et al. Post-treatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003211 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30234-4","volume":"8","author":"SR Lewin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lewin, S. R. et al. Multi-stakeholder consensus on a target product profile for an HIV cure. Lancet HIV 8, e42\u2013e50 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3262","volume":"12","author":"ASSWGOHIVC International","year":"2012","unstructured":"International, A. S. S. W. G. O. H. I. V. C. et al. Towards an HIV cure: a global scientific strategy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 12, 607\u2013614 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1590_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4108","volume":"22","author":"SG Deeks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deeks, S. G. et al. International AIDS Society global scientific strategy: towards an HIV cure 2016. Nat. Med. 22, 839\u2013850 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003174","volume":"9","author":"S Eriksson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eriksson, S. et al. Comparative analysis of measures of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 eradication studies. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003174 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002439","volume":"7","author":"T Schaller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schaller, T. et al. HIV-1 capsid\u2013cyclophilin interactions determine nuclear import pathway, integration targeting and replication efficiency. PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002439 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.020","volume":"160","author":"LB Cohn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohn, L. B. et al. HIV-1 integration landscape during latent and active infection. Cell 160, 420\u2013432 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1590_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93289","volume":"127","author":"GQ Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, G. Q. et al. Clonal expansion of genome-intact HIV-1 in functionally polarized Th1 CD4+ T cells. J. Clin. Investig. 127, 2689\u20132696 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"1590_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522675113","volume":"113","author":"FR Simonetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simonetti, F. R. et al. Clonally expanded CD4+ T cells can produce infectious HIV-1 in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 1883\u20131888 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7908","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617789113","volume":"113","author":"JC Lorenzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lorenzi, J. C. et al. Paired quantitative and qualitative assessment of the replication-competent HIV-1 reservoir and comparison with integrated proviral DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E7908\u2013E7916 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006283","volume":"13","author":"JK Bui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bui, J. K. et al. Proviruses with identical sequences comprise a large fraction of the replication-competent HIV reservoir. PLoS Pathog. 13, e1006283 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138099","volume":"130","author":"EK Halvas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halvas, E. K. et al. HIV-1 viremia not suppressible by antiretroviral therapy can originate from large T cell clones producing infectious virus. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 5847\u20135857 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318249111","volume":"111","author":"CV Fletcher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fletcher, C. V. et al. Persistent HIV-1 replication is associated with lower antiretroviral drug concentrations in lymphatic tissues. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 2307\u20132312 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126714","volume":"129","author":"WR McManus","year":"2019","unstructured":"McManus, W. R. et al. HIV-1 in lymph nodes is maintained by cellular proliferation during antiretroviral therapy. J. Clin. Invest. 129, 4629\u20134642 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neidleman, J. et al. Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir. eLife 9, e60933 (2020).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60933"},{"key":"1590_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001309","volume":"31","author":"A Gosselin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gosselin, A. et al. HIV persists in CCR6+CD4+ T cells from colon and blood during antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 31, 35\u201348 (2017).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1590_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005761","volume":"12","author":"R Fromentin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fromentin, R. et al. CD4+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 contribute to HIV persistence during ART. PLoS Pathog. 12, e1005761 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz509","volume":"221","author":"JL Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson, J. L. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Infected CCR6+ rectal CD4+ T cells and HIV persistence on antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 221, 744\u2013755 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8783","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609057113","volume":"113","author":"H Imamichi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Imamichi, H. et al. Defective HIV-1 proviruses produce novel protein-coding RNA species in HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 8783\u20138788 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917876117","volume":"117","author":"H Imamichi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imamichi, H. et al. Defective HIV-1 proviruses produce viral proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 3704\u20133710 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.008","volume":"21","author":"RA Pollack","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pollack, R. A. et al. Defective HIV-1 proviruses are expressed and can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which shape the proviral landscape. Cell Host Microbe 21, 494\u2013506(2017).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1590_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab121","volume":"224","author":"G Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, G. et al. Gag p24 is a marker of HIV expression in tissues and correlates with immune response. J. Infect. Dis. 224, 1593\u20131598 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127413","volume":"129","author":"S Spudich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spudich, S. et al. Persistent HIV-infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with poorer neurocognitive performance. J. Clin. Invest. 129, 3339\u20133346 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254194","volume":"345","author":"F Maldarelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maldarelli, F. et al. HIV latency. Specific HIV integration sites are linked to clonal expansion and persistence of infected cells. Science 345, 179\u2013183 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1590_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256304","volume":"345","author":"TA Wagner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wagner, T. A. et al. HIV latency. Proliferation of cells with HIV integrated into cancer genes contributes to persistent infection. Science 345, 570\u2013573 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1590_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendoza, P. et al. Antigen-responsive CD4+ T cell clones contribute to the HIV-1 latent reservoir. J. Exp. Med. 217, e20200051 (2020).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200051"},{"key":"1590_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145254","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145254","volume":"131","author":"FR Simonetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simonetti, F. R. et al. Antigen-driven clonal selection shapes the persistence of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 131, 145254 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1972","volume":"15","author":"N Chomont","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chomont, N. et al. HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation. Nat. Med. 15, 893\u2013900 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132374","volume":"130","author":"Y Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren, Y. et al. BCL-2 antagonism sensitizes cytotoxic T cell-resistant HIV reservoirs to elimination ex vivo. J. Clin. Investig. 130, 2542\u20132559 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"1590_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.004","volume":"48","author":"HH Kuo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuo, H. H. et al. Anti-apoptotic protein BIRC5 maintains survival of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells. Immunity 48, 1183\u20131194(2018).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1590_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00012-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00012-17","volume":"91","author":"NW Cummins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cummins, N. W. et al. Maintenance of the HIV reservoir is antagonized by selective BCL2 inhibition. J. Virol. 91, e00012-17 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1590_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-018-0383-2","volume":"15","author":"EP Scully","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scully, E. P. Sex differences in HIV infection. Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep. 15, 136\u2013146 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"1590_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7795","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802730115","volume":"115","author":"B Das","year":"2018","unstructured":"Das, B. et al. Estrogen receptor-1 is a key regulator of HIV-1 latency that imparts gender-specific restrictions on the latent reservoir. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E7795\u2013E7804 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prodger, J. L. et al. Reduced HIV-1 latent reservoir outgrowth and distinct immune correlates among women in Rakai, Uganda. JCI Insight 5, e139287 (2020).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139287"},{"key":"1590_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falcinelli, S. D. et al. Impact of biological sex on immune activation and frequency of the latent HIV reservoir during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 222, 1843\u20131852 (2020).","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa298"},{"key":"1590_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy617","volume":"219","author":"EP Scully","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scully, E. P. et al. Sex-based differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reservoir activity and residual immune activation. J. Infect. Dis. 219, 1084\u20131094 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.05.027","volume":"443","author":"EL Szotek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Szotek, E. L., Narasipura, S. D. & Al-Harthi, L. 17\u03b2-Estradiol inhibits HIV-1 by inducing a complex formation between \u03b2-catenin and estrogen receptor alpha on the HIV promoter to suppress HIV transcription. Virology 443, 375\u2013383 (2013).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1590_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1022-1","volume":"26","author":"M Abdel-Mohsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdel-Mohsen, M. et al. Recommendations for measuring HIV reservoir size in cure-directed clinical trials. Nat. Med. 26, 1339\u20131350 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01986-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01986-20","volume":"95","author":"C Gaebler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaebler, C. et al. Sequence evaluation and comparative analysis of novel assays for intact proviral HIV-1 DNA. J. Virol. 95, e01986-20 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1590_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4156","volume":"22","author":"KM Bruner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bruner, K. M. et al. Defective proviruses rapidly accumulate during acute HIV-1 infection. Nat. Med. 22, 1043\u20131049 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132997","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.132997","volume":"5","author":"MJ Peluso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peluso, M. J. et al. Differential decay of intact and defective proviral DNA in HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JCI Insight 5, 132997 (2020).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"1590_CR45","unstructured":"Gandhi, R. T. et al. Selective decay of intact HIV-1 proviral DNA on antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 223, 225\u2013233 (2020)."},{"key":"1590_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E136","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020136","volume":"12","author":"EM Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson, E. M. et al. Dynamic shifts in the HIV proviral landscape during long term combination antiretroviral therapy: implications for persistence and control of HIV infections. Viruses 12, E136 (2020).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1590_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarabia, I. & Bosque, A. HIV-1 latency and latency reversal: does subtype matter? Viruses 11, 1104 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/v11121104"},{"key":"1590_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2651-8","volume":"585","author":"C Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang, C. et al. Distinct viral reservoirs in individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1. Nature 585, 261\u2013267 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yukl, S. A. et al. HIV latency in isolated patient CD4+ T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation, completion, and splicing. Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaap9927 (2018).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aap9927"},{"key":"1590_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007619","volume":"15","author":"M Pardons","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pardons, M. et al. Single-cell characterization and quantification of translation-competent viral reservoirs in treated and untreated HIV infection. PLoS Pathog. 15, e1007619 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3320","volume":"12","author":"PJ Santangelo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santangelo, P. J. et al. Whole-body immunoPET reveals active SIV dynamics in viremic and antiretroviral therapy-treated macaques. Nat. Methods 12, 427\u2013432 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"1590_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103252","volume":"65","author":"JH McMahon","year":"2021","unstructured":"McMahon, J. H. et al. A clinical trial of non-invasive imaging with an anti-HIV antibody labelled with copper-64 in people living with HIV and uninfected controls. EBioMedicine 65, 103252 (2021).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1590_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.08.003","volume":"26","author":"MA De Scheerder","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Scheerder, M. A. et al. HIV rebound is predominantly fueled by genetically identical viral expansions from diverse reservoirs. Cell Host Microbe 26, 347\u2013358(2019).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1590_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI130597","volume":"130","author":"JL Mitchell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. L. et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense HIV replication before detectable viremia following treatment interruption. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 2845\u20132858 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06727-8","volume":"9","author":"MS Draz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Draz, M. S. et al. DNA engineered micromotors powered by metal nanoparticles for motion based cellphone diagnostics. Nat. Commun. 9, 4282 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1590_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richart, V. et al. High rate of long-term clinical events after ART resumption in HIV-positive patients exposed to antiretroviral therapy interruption. AIDS https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003058 (2021).","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003058"},{"key":"1590_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4645","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-381996","volume":"119","author":"D Mendoza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mendoza, D. et al. Comprehensive analysis of unique cases with extraordinary control over HIV replication. Blood 119, 4645\u20134655 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1590_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofx064","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx064","volume":"4","author":"E Canoui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Canoui, E. et al. A subset of extreme human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) controllers is characterized by a small HIV blood reservoir and a weak T-cell activation level. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 4, ofx064 (2017).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58696-y","volume":"10","author":"C Casado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casado, C. et al. Permanent control of HIV-1 pathogenesis in exceptional elite controllers: a model of spontaneous cure. Sci. Rep. 10, 1902 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1590_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003211","volume":"9","author":"A Saez-Cirion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saez-Cirion, A. et al. Post-treatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003211 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy479","volume":"218","author":"G Namazi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Namazi, G. et al. The Control of HIV After Antiretroviral Medication Pause (CHAMP) Study: posttreatment controllers identified from 14 clinical studies. J. Infect. Dis. 218, 1954\u20131963 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102830","volume":"57","author":"C Galvez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galvez, C. et al. Extremely low viral reservoir in treated chronically HIV-1-infected individuals. EBioMedicine 57, 102830 (2020).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1590_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108174","volume":"32","author":"C Passaes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Passaes, C. et al. Optimal maturation of the SIV-specific CD8+ T cell response after primary infection is associated with natural control of SIV: ANRS SIC Study. Cell Rep. 32, 108174 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1590_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertagnolli, L. N. et al. Autologous IgG antibodies block outgrowth of a substantial but variable fraction of viruses in the latent reservoir for HIV-1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 32066\u201332077 (2020).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020617117"},{"key":"1590_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gondim, M. V. P. et al. Heightened resistance to host type 1 interferons characterizes HIV-1 at transmission and after antiretroviral therapy interruption. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabd8179 (2021).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd8179"},{"key":"1590_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4421","volume":"23","author":"N Huot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huot, N. et al. Natural killer cells migrate into and control simian immunodeficiency virus replication in lymph node follicles in African green monkeys. Nat. Med. 23, 1277\u20131286 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000431945.72365.01","volume":"27","author":"Y Madec","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madec, Y. et al. Natural history of HIV-control since seroconversion. AIDS 27, 2451\u20132460 (2013).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1590_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit306","volume":"208","author":"TW Chun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chun, T. W. et al. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on HIV reservoirs in elite controllers. J. Infect. Dis. 208, 1443\u20131447 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1951-3","volume":"578","author":"CC Nixon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nixon, C. C. et al. Systemic HIV and SIV latency reversal via non-canonical NF-\u03baB signalling in vivo. Nature 578, 160\u2013165 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1946-0","volume":"578","author":"JB McBrien","year":"2020","unstructured":"McBrien, J. B. et al. Robust and persistent reactivation of SIV and HIV by N-803 and depletion of CD8+ cells. Nature 578, 154\u2013159 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20583","volume":"540","author":"EN Borducchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borducchi, E. N. et al. Ad26\/MVA therapeutic vaccination with TLR7 stimulation in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. Nature 540, 284\u2013287 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8516","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00644-12","volume":"86","author":"R Gautam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gautam, R. et al. Pathogenicity and mucosal transmissibility of the R5-tropic simian\/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(AD8) in rhesus macaques: implications for use in vaccine studies. J. Virol. 86, 8516\u20138526 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"1590_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0130-7","volume":"24","author":"AA Okoye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okoye, A. A. et al. Early antiretroviral therapy limits SIV reservoir establishment to delay or prevent post-treatment viral rebound. Nat. Med. 24, 1430\u20131440 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanal, S. et al. In vivo validation of the viral barcoding of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 and the development of new barcoded SIV and subtype B and C simian\u2013human immunodeficiency viruses. J. Virol. 94, e01420-19 (2019).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01420-19"},{"key":"1590_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.06.020","volume":"45","author":"MM Elsheikh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsheikh, M. M., Tang, Y., Li, D. & Jiang, G. Deep latency: a new insight into a functional HIV cure. EBioMedicine 45, 624\u2013629 (2019).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1590_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.09.080","volume":"21","author":"CF Kessing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kessing, C. F. et al. In vivo suppression of HIV rebound by didehydro-cortistatin A, a \u2018block-and-lock\u2019 strategy for HIV-1 treatment. Cell Rep. 21, 600\u2013611 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1590_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.005","volume":"181","author":"DM Margolis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Margolis, D. M. et al. Curing HIV: seeking to target and clear persistent infection. Cell 181, 189\u2013206 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1590_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170193","volume":"214","author":"NN Hosmane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hosmane, N. N. et al. Proliferation of latently infected CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV-1: potential role in latent reservoir dynamics. J. Exp. Med. 214, 959\u2013972 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28161-y","volume":"8","author":"YL Kok","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kok, Y. L. et al. Spontaneous reactivation of latent HIV-1 promoters is linked to the cell cycle as revealed by a genetic-insulators-containing dual-fluorescence HIV-1-based vector. Sci. Rep. 8, 10204 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1590_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.03.001","volume":"98","author":"A Singh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh, A., Razooky, B., Cox, C. D., Simpson, M. L. & Weinberger, L. S. Transcriptional bursting from the HIV-1 promoter is a significant source of stochastic noise in HIV-1 gene expression. Biophys. J. 98, L32\u2013L34 (2010).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"1590_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402873111","volume":"111","author":"AR Cillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cillo, A. R. et al. Quantification of HIV-1 latency reversal in resting CD4+ T cells from patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 7078\u20137083 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80142","volume":"125","author":"GM Laird","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laird, G. M. et al. Ex vivo analysis identifies effective HIV-1 latency-reversing drug combinations. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 1901\u20131912 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103241","volume":"65","author":"JM Zerbato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zerbato, J. M. et al. Multiply spliced HIV RNA is a predictive measure of virus production ex vivo and in vivo following reversal of HIV latency. EBioMedicine 65, 103241 (2021).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1590_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97555","volume":"128","author":"SH Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, S. H. et al. Latent HIV reservoirs exhibit inherent resistance to elimination by CD8+ T cells. J. Clin. Investig. 128, 876\u2013889 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"1590_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61878-3","volume":"10","author":"CL Gay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gay, C. L. et al. Assessing the impact of AGS-004, a dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and vorinostat on persistent HIV-1 Infection. Sci. Rep. 10, 5134 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1590_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32990-3","volume":"395","author":"S Fidler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fidler, S. et al. Antiretroviral therapy alone versus antiretroviral therapy with a kick and kill approach, on measures of the HIV reservoir in participants with recent HIV infection (the RIVER trial): a phase 2, randomised trial. Lancet 395, 888\u2013898 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1590_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001064","volume":"30","author":"C Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez, C. et al. Bryostatin-1 for latent virus reactivation in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 30, 1385\u20131392 (2016).","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1590_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix201","volume":"64","author":"L Vibholm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vibholm, L. et al. Short-course Toll-like receptor 9 agonist treatment impacts innate immunity and plasma viremia in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 64, 1686\u20131695 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riddler, S. A. et al. Vesatolimod, a toll-like receptor 7 agonist, induces immune activation in virally suppressed adults with HIV-1. Clin. Infect. Dis. 72, e815\u2013e824 (2020).","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1534"},{"key":"1590_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00226-X","volume":"2","author":"JH Elliott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elliott, J. H. et al. Short-term administration of disulfiram for reversal of latent HIV infection: a phase 2 dose-escalation study. Lancet HIV 2, 17 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McMahon, J. H. et al. Neurotoxicity with high dose disulfiram and vorinostat used for HIV latency reversal. AIDS https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qad.0000000000003091 (2021).","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000003091"},{"key":"1590_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.12.004","volume":"23","author":"Y Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Anderson, J. L. & Lewin, S. R. Getting the \u2018kill\u2019 into \u2018shock and kill\u2019: strategies to eliminate latent HIV. Cell Host Microbe 23, 14\u201326 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1590_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00465","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00465-15","volume":"6","author":"G Mousseau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mousseau, G. et al. The tat inhibitor didehydro-cortistatin A prevents HIV-1 reactivation from latency. mBio 6, e00465 (2015).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"1590_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2015.31","volume":"4","author":"C Ahlenstiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahlenstiel, C. et al. Novel RNA duplex locks HIV-1 in a latent state via chromatin-mediated transcriptional silencing. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 4, e261 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"1590_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.11.001","volume":"20","author":"E Besnard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Besnard, E. et al. The mTOR complex controls HIV latency. Cell Host Microbe 20, 785\u2013797 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1590_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori, L. et al. The XPB subunit of the TFIIH complex plays a critical role in HIV-1 transcription and XPB inhibition by spironolactone prevents HIV-1 reactivation from latency. J Virol. 95, e01247-20 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01247-20"},{"key":"1590_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916290117","volume":"117","author":"A Timmons","year":"2020","unstructured":"Timmons, A. et al. HSF1 inhibition attenuates HIV-1 latency reversal mediated by several candidate LRAs in vitro and ex vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 15763\u201315771 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4969","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137371","volume":"130","author":"YJ Yeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yeh, Y. J. et al. Filgotinib suppresses HIV-1-driven gene transcription by inhibiting HIV-1 splicing and T cell activation. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 4969\u20134984 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02496-13","volume":"58","author":"C Gavegnano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gavegnano, C. et al. Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 replication and virus reactivation in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 58, 1977\u20131986 (2014).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"1590_CR100","unstructured":"Marconi, V. C. et al. Randomized trial of ruxolitinib in antiretroviral-treated adults with HIV. Clin. Infect. Dis. ciab212 (2021)."},{"key":"1590_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henrich, T. J. et al. Everolimus, an mTORC1\/2 inhibitor, in ART-suppressed individuals who received solid organ transplantation: A prospective study. Am. J. Transplant 21, 1765\u20131779 (2020).","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16244"},{"key":"1590_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01966","volume":"10","author":"N Goonetilleke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goonetilleke, N., Clutton, G., Swanstrom, R. & Joseph, S. B. Blocking formation of the stable HIV reservoir: a new perspective for HIV-1 cure. Front. Immunol. 10, 1966 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1590_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abrahams, M. R. et al. The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation. Sci. Transl. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw5589 (2019).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw5589"},{"key":"1590_CR104","first-page":"e18889","volume":"5","author":"J Brodin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brodin, J. et al. Establishment and stability of the latent HIV-1 DNA reservoir. eLlfe 5, e18889 (2016).","journal-title":"eLlfe"},{"key":"1590_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0600-6","volume":"563","author":"EN Borducchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borducchi, E. N. et al. Antibody and TLR7 agonist delay viral rebound in SHIV-infected monkeys. Nature 563, 360\u2013364 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SenGupta, D. et al. The TLR7 agonist vesatolimod induced a modest delay in viral rebound in HIV controllers after cessation of antiretroviral therapy. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabg3071 (2021).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abg3071"},{"key":"1590_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00823","volume":"11","author":"B Mothe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mothe, B. et al. HIVconsv vaccines and romidepsin in early-treated HIV-1-infected individuals: safety, immunogenicity and effect on the viral reservoir (Study BCN02). Front. Immunol. 11, 823 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1590_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32990-3","volume":"395","author":"S Fidler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fidler, S. et al. Antiretroviral therapy alone versus antiretroviral therapy with a kick and kill approach, on measures of the HIV reservoir in participants with recent HIV infection (the RIVER trial): a phase 2, randomised trial. Lancet 395, 888\u2013898 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1590_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30055-8","volume":"3","author":"S Leth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leth, S. et al. Combined effect of Vacc-4x, recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor vaccination, and romidepsin on the HIV-1 reservoir (REDUC): a single-arm, phase 1B\/2A trial. Lancet HIV 3, e463\u2013e472 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419162112","volume":"112","author":"JM Conway","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conway, J. M. & Perelson, A. S. Post-treatment control of HIV infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 5467\u20135472 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1590_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12519","volume":"502","author":"SG Hansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansen, S. G. et al. Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection. Nature 502, 100\u2013104 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax4380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax4380","volume":"366","author":"JM Steichen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steichen, J. M. et al. A generalized HIV vaccine design strategy for priming of broadly neutralizing antibody responses. Science 366, eaax4380 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1590_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasmussen, T. et al. Impact of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 on the HIV reservoir in people living with HIV with cancer on antiretroviral therapy: The AIDS Malignancy Consortium-095 study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 73, e1973\u2013e1981 (2020).","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1530"},{"key":"1590_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e815","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1534","volume":"72","author":"SA Riddler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riddler, S. A. et al. Vesatolimod, a toll-like Receptor 7 agonist, induces immune activation in virally suppressed adults living with human immunodeficiency virus-1. Clin. Infect. Dis. 72, e815\u2013e824 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1590_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0243","volume":"37","author":"E Papasavvas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papasavvas, E. et al. Safety, immune, and antiviral effects of pegylated interferon alpha 2b administration in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed individuals: results of pilot clinical trial. AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses 37, 433\u2013443 (2021).","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"1590_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0531-2","volume":"561","author":"P Mendoza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mendoza, P. et al. Combination therapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains viral suppression. Nature 561, 479\u2013484 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1590_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0774-y","volume":"26","author":"DJ Colby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colby, D. J. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of Ad26 and MVA vaccines in acutely treated HIV and effect on viral rebound after antiretroviral therapy interruption. Nat. Med. 26, 498\u2013501 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0759","volume":"169","author":"M Salgado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salgado, M. et al. Mechanisms that contribute to a profound reduction of the hiv-1 reservoir after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Ann. Intern. Med. 169, 674\u2013683 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001381","volume":"75","author":"KK Koelsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koelsch, K. K. et al. Impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the HIV Reservoir and immune response in 3 hiv-infected individuals. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndromes 75, 328\u2013337 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndromes"},{"key":"1590_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003347","volume":"9","author":"SA Yukl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yukl, S. A. et al. Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003347 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e340","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30069-2","volume":"7","author":"RK Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta, R. K. et al. Evidence for HIV-1 cure after CCR5\u220632\/\u220632 allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation 30 months post analytical treatment interruption: a case report. Lancet HIV 7, e340\u2013e347 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e144486","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI144486","volume":"131","author":"P Tebas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tebas, P. et al. CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells augment HIV-specific immunity to enable post-rebound control of HIV replication. J. Clin. Invest. 131, e144486 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1590_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300662","volume":"370","author":"P Tebas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tebas, P. et al. Gene editing of CCR5 in autologous CD4 T cells of persons infected with HIV. N. Engl. J. Med. 370, 901\u2013910 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.005","volume":"50","author":"JM Martinez-Navio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez-Navio, J. M. et al. Adeno-associated virus delivery of anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies can drive long-term virologic suppression. Immunity 50, 567\u2013575(2019).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1590_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30003-7","volume":"6","author":"FH Priddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priddy, F. H. et al. Adeno-associated virus vectored immunoprophylaxis to prevent HIV in healthy adults: a phase 1 randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV 6, e230\u2013e239 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardner, M. R. et al. AAV-delivered eCD4-Ig protects rhesus macaques from high-dose SIVmac239 challenges. Sci. Transl. Med. 11, eaau5409 (2019).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5409"},{"key":"1590_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19821-7","volume":"11","author":"P Mancuso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mancuso, P. et al. CRISPR based editing of SIV proviral DNA in ART treated non-human primates. Nat. Commun. 11, 6065 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1590_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3467","volume":"34","author":"J Karpinski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karpinski, J. et al. Directed evolution of a recombinase that excises the provirus of most HIV-1 primary isolates with high specificity. Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 401\u2013409 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1590_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708566","volume":"377","author":"SJ Schuster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schuster, S. J. et al. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells in refractory B-cell lymphomas. N. Engl. J. Med. 377, 2545\u20132554 (2017).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.002","volume":"179","author":"E Herzig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herzig, E. et al. Attacking Latent HIV with convertible CAR-T Cells, a highly adaptable killing platform. Cell 179, 880\u2013894 e810 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1590_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006372","volume":"136","author":"BJ Rust","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rust, B. J. et al. Robust expansion of HIV CAR T cells following antigen boosting in ART-suppressed nonhuman primates. Blood 136, 1722\u20131734 (2020).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1590_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tombacz, I. et al. Highly efficient CD4+ T cell targeting and genetic recombination using engineered CD4+ cell-homing mRNA-LNPs. Mol. Ther. (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.06.004"},{"key":"1590_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19649-1","volume":"11","author":"AD Nahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nahmad, A. D. et al. Engineered B cells expressing an anti-HIV antibody enable memory retention, isotype switching and clonal expansion. Nat. Commun. 11, 5851 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1590_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19650-8","volume":"11","author":"D Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, D. et al. Vaccine elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from engineered B cells. Nat. Commun. 11, 5850 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1590_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107454","volume":"385","author":"JD Gillmore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gillmore, J. D. et al. CRISPR\u2013Cas9 in vivo gene editing for transthyretin amyloidosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 493\u2013502 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adair, J. E. et al. Towards access for all: 1st Working Group Report for the Global Gene Therapy Initiative (GGTI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41434-021-00284-4(2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41434-021-00284-4"},{"key":"1590_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302976","volume":"369","author":"D Persaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Persaud, D. et al. Absence of detectable HIV-1 viremia after treatment cessation in an infant. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 1828\u20131835 (2013).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1413931","volume":"372","author":"K Luzuriaga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luzuriaga, K. et al. Viremic relapse after HIV-1 remission in a perinatally infected child. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 786\u2013788 (2015).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00232-5","volume":"3","author":"P Frange","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frange, P. et al. HIV-1 virological remission lasting more than 12 years after interruption of early antiretroviral therapy in a perinatally infected teenager enrolled in the French ANRS EPF-CO10 paediatric cohort: a case report. Lancet HIV 3, e49\u2013e54 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08311-0","volume":"10","author":"A Violari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Violari, A. et al. A child with perinatal HIV infection and long-term sustained virological control following antiretroviral treatment cessation. Nat. Commun. 10, 412 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1590_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavigner, M. et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus persistence in cellular and anatomic reservoirs in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed infant rhesus macaques. J. Virol. 92, e00562-18 (2018).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00562-18"},{"key":"1590_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obregon-Perko, V. et al. Simian\u2013human immunodeficiency virus SHIV.C.CH505 persistence in ART-suppressed infant macaques is characterized by elevated SHIV RNA in the gut and a high abundance of intact SHIV DNA in naive CD4+ T cells. J. Virol. 95, e01669-20 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01669-20"},{"key":"1590_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008954","volume":"16","author":"KM Bricker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bricker, K. M. et al. Therapeutic vaccination of SIV-infected, ART-treated infant rhesus macaques using Ad48\/MVA in combination with TLR-7 stimulation. PLoS Pathog. 16, e1008954 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4063","volume":"22","author":"AJ Hessell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hessell, A. J. et al. Early short-term treatment with neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies halts SHIV infection in infant macaques. Nat. Med. 22, 362\u2013368 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1590_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13972-y","volume":"11","author":"MB Shapiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shapiro, M. B. et al. Single-dose bNAb cocktail or abbreviated ART post-exposure regimens achieve tight SHIV control without adaptive immunity. Nat. Commun. 11, 70 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1590_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e134105","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134105","volume":"5","author":"A Dhummakupt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhummakupt, A. et al. Differences in inducibility of the latent HIV reservoir in perinatal and adult infection. JCI Insight 5, e134105 (2020).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"1590_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005535","volume":"12","author":"AL Hill","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hill, A. L. et al. Real-time predictions of reservoir size and rebound time during antiretroviral therapy interruption trials for HIV. PLoS Pathog. 12, e1005535 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1590_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30052-9","volume":"6","author":"B Julg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Julg, B. et al. Recommendations for analytical antiretroviral treatment interruptions in HIV research trials-report of a consensus meeting. Lancet HIV 6, e259\u2013e268 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30287-9","volume":"3","author":"SA Garner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garner, S. A. et al. Interrupting antiretroviral treatment in HIV cure research: scientific and ethical considerations. J. Virus Erad. 3, 82\u201384 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Virus Erad."},{"key":"1590_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25443","volume":"23","author":"C Protiere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Protiere, C. et al. Differences in HIV cure clinical trial preferences of French people living with HIV and physicians in the ANRS-APSEC study: a discrete choice experiment. J. Int AIDS Soc. 23, e25443 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Int AIDS Soc."},{"key":"1590_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30009-1","volume":"6","author":"MJ Peluso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peluso, M. J. et al. A collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to HIV transmission risk mitigation during analytic treatment interruption. J. Virus Erad. 6, 34\u201337 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Virus Erad."},{"key":"1590_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30232-0","volume":"8","author":"M Dybul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dybul, M. et al. The case for an HIV cure and how to get there. Lancet HIV 8, e51\u2013e58 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"1590_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0205","volume":"31","author":"RE Johnston","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnston, R. E. & Heitzeg, M. M. Sex, age, race and intervention type in clinical studies of HIV cure: a systematic review. AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses 31, 85\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"1590_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dube, K. et al. Considerations for increasing racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual diversity in HIV cure-related research with analytical treatment interruptions: a qualitative inquiry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/AID.2021.0023 (2021).","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2021.0023"},{"key":"1590_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jve.2020.100025","volume":"7","author":"S Fidler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fidler, S. et al. HIV cure research in the time of COVID-19 \u2014 antiretroviral therapy treatment interruption trials: a discussion paper. J. Virus Erad. 7, 100025 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Virus Erad."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01590-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01590-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01590-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T09:18:05Z","timestamp":1650273485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01590-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01590-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.G.D. receives research support from Gilead and Merck. He is a member of the scientific advisory boards for BryoLogyx, Enochian Biosciences and Tendel. He has consulted for AbbVie, Biotron, Eli Lilly, GSK\/ViiV and Immunocore; J.S. is a member of Merck KGaA\u2019s Ethics Advisory Panel and Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee; a member of IQVIA\u2019s Ethics Advisory Panel; a member of Aspen Neurosciences Clinical Advisory Panel; a member of a Merck Data Monitoring Committee; a consultant to Biogen; and a consultant to Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc. None of these activities are related to the issues discussed in this manuscript; T.N. has received research funding from Gilead Sciences; O.L. has been paid expert testimony and consultancy fees from BMS France, MSD, Astra Zeneca; consultancy fees from Incyte, Sobi, grants from ViiV and Gilead; L.V. receives research grants from J&J, ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences; P.C. is a member of Gilead\u2019s HIV Cure Advisory Board; S.R.L.\u2019s institution receives funding for investigator initiated research from Gilead, Merck and Viiv. She has research collaborations with BMS, Abbvie and Merck. She has received honoraria paid to her for membership of advisory boards to Gilead, Merck, Viiv, Immunocore, Vaxxinity, Biotron, Esfam and Abivax; R.L. is an employee of the International AIDS Society; M.d.J. was paid as a consultant by the International AIDS Society. S.C., R.B.J., C.T. and N.A. have no interests to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}