{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:10:01Z","timestamp":1791576601640,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"RCUK | Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/MR00160X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/MR00160X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01627-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T06:13:41Z","timestamp":1639980821000},"page":"193-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Risk factors for PICU admission and death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in England during the first pandemic year"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7263-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3440-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1539-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5917-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3570-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dougal","family":"Hargreaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamez","family":"Ladhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Linney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9806-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Luyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7944-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna K.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3047-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell M.","family":"Viner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1627_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30243-7","volume":"20","author":"R Verity","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verity, R. et al. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 669\u2013677 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1627_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3249","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3249","volume":"370","author":"OV Swann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swann, O. V. et al. Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: prospective multicentre observational cohort study. BMJ 370, m3249 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1627_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30177-2","volume":"4","author":"F G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f6tzinger, F. et al. COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 4, 653\u2013661 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"1627_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies, N. G. et al. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nat. Med. 26, 1205\u20131211 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.24.20043018"},{"key":"1627_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13529","volume":"26","author":"A de Siqueira Alves Lopes","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Siqueira Alves Lopes, A. et al. Coronavirus disease-19 deaths among children and adolescents in an area of Northeast, Brazil: why so many? Trop. Med. Int. Health 26, 115\u2013119 (2021).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"1627_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100527","volume":"26","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed, M. et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 26, 100527 (2020).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1627_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00066-3","volume":"5","author":"SS Bhopal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhopal, S. S., Bagaria, J., Olabi, B. & Bhopal, R. Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 5, e12\u2013e13 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"1627_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021680","volume":"383","author":"LR Feldstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feldstein, L. R. et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in US children and adolescents. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 334\u2013346 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1627_CR9","unstructured":"McCormick, D. W. et al. Deaths in children and adolescents associated with COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States. Pediatrics 148, e2021052273 (2021)."},{"key":"1627_CR10","unstructured":"Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. COVID-19\u2014guidance on clinically extremely vulnerable children and young people. https:\/\/www.rcpch.ac.uk\/resources\/covid-19-guidance-clinically-extremely-vulnerable-children-young-people (2021)."},{"key":"1627_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020495","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.20495","volume":"3","author":"X Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song, X. et al. Comparison of clinical features of COVID-19 vs seasonal influenza A and B in US children. JAMA Netw. Open 3, e2020495 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"1627_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2111182","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11182","volume":"4","author":"L Kompaniyets","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kompaniyets, L. et al. Underlying medical conditions associated with severe COVID-19 illness among children. JAMA Netw. Open 4, e2111182 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"1627_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harwood, R. et al. Which children and young people are at higher risk of severe disease and death after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis. Preprint at https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.06.30.21259763v1 (2021).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-689808\/v1"},{"key":"1627_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30215-7","volume":"4","author":"P Davies","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davies, P. et al. Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 4, 669\u2013677 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"1627_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100075","volume":"3","author":"J Flood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flood, J. et al. Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): prospective, national surveillance, United Kingdom and Ireland, 2020. Lancet Regional Health Eur. 3, 100075 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health Eur."},{"key":"1627_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belay, E. D. et al. Trends in geographic and temporal distribution of US children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Pediatrics 175, 837\u2013845 (2021).","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0630"},{"key":"1627_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00634-6","volume":"397","author":"R Mathur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathur, R. et al. Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death in 17 million adults in England: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet 397, 1711\u20131724 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1627_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","volume":"584","author":"EJ Williamson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williamson, E. J. et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 584, 430\u2013436 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1627_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100109","volume":"6","author":"K Bhaskaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhaskaran, K. et al. Factors associated with deaths due to COVID-19 versus other causes: population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet Reg. Health Eur. 6, 100109\u2013100109 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"1627_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03779-z","volume":"25","author":"HK Kanthimathinathan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanthimathinathan, H. K. et al. In the eye of the storm: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on admission patterns to paediatric intensive care units in the UK and Eire. Crit. Care 25, 1\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"1627_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Docherty, A. B. et al. Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Preprint at https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.23.20076042v1 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.23.20076042"},{"key":"1627_CR22","unstructured":"National Centre for Immunisation and Surveillance. COVID-19 in schools and early childhood education and care services\u2014the experience in NSW: 16 June to 31 July 2021. https:\/\/www.ncirs.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-09\/NCIRS%20NSW%20Schools%20COVID_Summary_8%20September%2021_Final.pdf (2021)."},{"key":"1627_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith, C. et al. Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year. Nat. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01578-1 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01578-1"},{"key":"1627_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yates, T. et al. Obesity, ethnicity, and risk of critical care, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: analysis of the ISARIC CCP-UK Cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring) 29, 1223\u20131230 (2021).","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23178"},{"key":"1627_CR25","unstructured":"Boyd A. et al. Understanding Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). https:\/\/www.closer.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/CLOSER-resource-understanding-hospital-episode-statistics-2018.pdf (2017)."},{"key":"1627_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardelid, P., Dattani, N. & Gilbert, R. Estimating the prevalence of chronic conditions in children who die in England, Scotland and Wales: a data linkage cohort study. BMJ Open 4, e005331 (2014).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005331"},{"key":"1627_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e923","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2846","volume":"129","author":"LK Fraser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fraser, L. K. et al. Rising national prevalence of life-limiting conditions in children in England. Pediatrics 129, e923\u2013e929 (2012).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1627_CR28","unstructured":"NHS Digital. Control of patient information (COPI) notice. https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/coronavirus\/coronavirus-covid-19-response-information-governance-hub\/control-of-patient-information-copi-notice (2021)."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01627-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01627-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01627-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1643382278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01627-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01627-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.07.01.21259785","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}