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This new variant of concern carries an unusually high number of mutations in key epitopes of neutralizing antibodies on the viral spike glycoprotein, suggesting potential immune evasion. Here we assessed serum neutralizing capacity in longitudinal cohorts of vaccinated and convalescent individuals, as well as monoclonal antibody activity against Omicron using pseudovirus neutralization assays. We report a near-complete lack of neutralizing activity against Omicron in polyclonal sera from individuals vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine and from convalescent individuals, as well as resistance to different monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. However, mRNA booster immunizations in vaccinated and convalescent individuals resulted in a significant increase of serum neutralizing activity against Omicron. This study demonstrates that booster immunizations can critically improve the humoral immune response against the Omicron variant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01676-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T07:03:15Z","timestamp":1642575795000},"page":"477-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":344,"title":["mRNA booster immunization elicits potent neutralizing serum activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0725-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Gruell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4552-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanika","family":"Vanshylla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinkus","family":"Tober-Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3138-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hillus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Schommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Kurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0476-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif E.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1376-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1676_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2798-3","volume":"586","author":"F Krammer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krammer, F. 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Science 374, 1454\u20131455 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1676_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pulliam, J. R. C. et al. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa. Preprint at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.11.11.21266068 (2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.11.11.21266068"},{"key":"1676_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04005-0","volume":"600","author":"F Schmidt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmidt, F. et al. High genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody escape. Nature 600, 512\u2013516 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1676_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.003","volume":"29","author":"AJ Greaney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greaney, A. J. et al. 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Nature 584, 120\u2013124 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1676_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf1906","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abf1906","volume":"13","author":"BE Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones, B. E. et al. The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabf1906 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1676_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081498","volume":"13","author":"S Halwe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Halwe, S. et al. Intranasal administration of a monoclonal neutralizing antibody protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viruses 13, 1498 (2021).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1676_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.044","volume":"182","author":"C Kreer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kreer, C. et al. 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Viruses 12, 513 (2020).","journal-title":"Viruses"}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01676-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01676-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01676-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1647865738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-021-01676-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01676-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.12.14.21267769","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1168453\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"H.G., K.V. and F. Klein are listed as inventors on pending patent application(s) on SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies filed by the University of Cologne. All other authors have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}