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However, B. Abbar has received consultant or advisory role fees or meeting invitations from Novartis, Astellas, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, IPSEN Pharma and Takeda. J. J. Moslehi is supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01HL141466, R01HL155990, R01HL156021 and R01HL160688 and has served on advisory boards for Pfizer, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Myovant, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, BeiGene and Cytokinetics. L.H.L. has served on advisory boards for Daiichi Sankyio, Senaca, AstraZeneca and Servier; has served as an external expert for AstraZeneca; has received speakers\u2019 honoraria from Novartis and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and is receiving grants from the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) (LE3570\/2-1 and 3570\/3-1) and grant 01KC2006B from the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). J. Cautela has received consultant or advisory role fees or meeting invitations from Novartis, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Pfizer. F. Tubach is head of the Centre de Pharmaco\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie (Cephepi) of the Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris and of the Clinical Research Unit of Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital; both of these institutions have received unrestricted research funding and grants for the research projects handled and fees for consultant activities from a large number of pharmaceutical companies that have contributed variously to small parts of the salaries of its employees. F. Tubach is not employed by these institutions and did not receive any personal remuneration from these companies. J. Cadranel has served on advisory boards or as a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Takeda, Pfizer and Sanofi and has received research funding from AbbVie, Pfizer and Sanofi. D. Johnson has served on advisory boards or as a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Catalyst Biopharma, Iovance, Janssen, Mallinckrodt, Merck, Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Novartis, Oncosec, Pfizer, Targovax and Teiko; has received research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Incyte; and has patents pending for the use of MHC-II as a biomarker for ICI response and for abatacept as treatment for immune-related adverse events. T. Similowski reports personal fees for consulting and teaching activities from AstraZeneca France, Chiesi France, KPL Consulting, Lungpacer, OSO-AI, TEVA France and Vitalaire. He is a stock shareholder of startups Hepha\u00ef and Austral Dx. J.-E. Salem has participated on advisory boards and been a consultant for or received grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, AstraZeneca, CRC Oncology, EISAI and BeiGene. S.S.H. is supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R01HL153384 and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases R01-DK128012. Y.A. was supported by the ARC Foundation. Other authors have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}