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The vector is now firmly established in urban settings in the Horn of Africa. Its presence in areas where malaria resurged suggested a possible role in causing malaria outbreaks. Here, using a prospective case\u2013control design, we investigated the role of\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in transmission following a malaria outbreak in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia in April\u2013July 2022. Screening contacts of patients with malaria and febrile controls revealed spatial clustering of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections around patients with malaria in strong association with the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the household vicinity\n                    <jats:italic>. Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sporozoites were detected in these mosquitoes. This outbreak involved clonal propagation of parasites with molecular signatures of artemisinin and diagnostic resistance. To our knowledge, this study provides the strongest evidence so far for a role of\n                    <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in driving an urban malaria outbreak in Africa, highlighting the major public health threat posed by this fast-spreading mosquito.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02641-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T11:03:01Z","timestamp":1698318181000},"page":"3203-3211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in 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