{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:06:48Z","timestamp":1793704008373,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02833-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T17:03:04Z","timestamp":1709226184000},"page":"1118-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Impact of extreme weather events on healthcare utilization and mortality in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee N.","family":"Salas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura G.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Wellenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. John","family":"Orav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish K.","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2833_CR1","unstructured":"Arias, P. A. et al. Technical summary. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) 33\u2013144 (Cambridge University Press, 2021)."},{"key":"2833_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920849117","volume":"117","author":"JP Kossin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kossin, J. P., Knapp, K. R., Olander, T. L. & Velden, C. S. Global increase in major tropical cyclone exceedance probability over the past four decades. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 11975\u201311980 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2833_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-023-01852-9","volume":"13","author":"AF Prein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prein, A. F. Thunderstorm straight line winds intensify with climate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 13, 1353\u20131359 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"2833_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-013-0566-5","volume":"67","author":"AB Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith, A. B. & Katz, R. W. US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: data sources, trends, accuracy and biases. Nat. Hazards 67, 387\u2013410 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"2833_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-015-1678-x","volume":"77","author":"AB Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith, A. B. & Matthews, J. L. Quantifying uncertainty and variable sensitivity within the US billion-dollar weather and climate disaster cost estimates. Nat. Hazards 77, 1829\u20131851 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"2833_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25921\/STKW-7W73 (2023)","DOI":"10.25921\/STKW-7W73"},{"key":"2833_CR7","unstructured":"WH.GOV. The rising costs of extreme weather events. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/cea\/written-materials\/2022\/09\/01\/the-rising-costs-of-extreme-weather-events\/ (2022)."},{"key":"2833_CR8","unstructured":"Sullivan, A. & Volcovici, V. Billion-dollar US climate disasters prompt $1 billion Red Cross response. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/us-hits-record-costly-climate-disasters-red-cross-plans-1bn-effort-2023-09-12\/(2023)."},{"key":"2833_CR9","unstructured":"P\u00f6rtner, H.-O. et al. (eds) Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 3056 (Cambridge University Press, 2022)."},{"key":"2833_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1807873","volume":"380","author":"A Haines","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haines, A. & Ebi, K. The imperative for climate action to protect health. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 263\u2013273 (2019).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2833_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salas, R. N. The growing link between climate change and health. NEJM Catal. Innov. Care Deliv. 3, 3 (2022).","DOI":"10.1056\/CAT.22.0052"},{"key":"2833_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026","volume":"42","author":"KL Ebi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ebi, K. L. et al. Extreme weather and climate change: population health and health system implications. Annu. Rev. Public Health 42, 293\u2013315 (2021).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"2833_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01859-7","author":"M Romanello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romanello, M., di Napoli, C. & Green, C. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centered response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01859-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2833_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02438-w","volume":"29","author":"D Campbell-Lendrum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Campbell-Lendrum, D., Neville, T., Schweizer, C. & Neira, M. Climate change and health: three grand challenges. Nat. Med. 29, 1631\u20131638 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2833_CR15","first-page":"A27","volume":"5","author":"N Aldrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aldrich, N. & Benson, W. F. Disaster preparedness and the chronic disease needs of vulnerable older adults. Prev. Chronic Dis. 5, A27 (2007).","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"2833_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E42","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd17.190430","volume":"17","author":"RS Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith, R. S. Natural disasters in the Americas, dialysis patients, and implications for emergency planning: a systematic review. Prev. Chronic Dis. 17, E42 (2020).","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"2833_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1175\/WCAS-D-16-0126.1","volume":"9","author":"CJ Gaskin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaskin, C. J. et al. Factors associated with the climate change vulnerability and the adaptive capacity of people with disability: a systematic review. Weather Clim. Soc. 9, 801\u2013814 (2017).","journal-title":"Weather Clim. Soc."},{"key":"2833_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab127","volume":"190","author":"KR Weinberger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weinberger, K. R. et al. Association between Hurricane Sandy and emergency department visits in New York city by age and cause. Am. J. Epidemiol. 190, 2138\u20132147 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2833_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019460","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19460","volume":"3","author":"DM Dosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dosa, D. M. et al. Association between exposure to Hurricane Irma and mortality and hospitalization in Florida nursing home residents. JAMA Netw. Open 3, e2019460 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"2833_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.10.010","volume":"22","author":"CL Hua","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hua, C. L., Thomas, K. S., Peterson, L. J., Hyer, K. & Dosa, D. M. Emergency department use among assisted living residents after Hurricane Irma. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 22, 918\u2013922 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"2833_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e213900","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.3900","volume":"2","author":"J Skarha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skarha, J. et al. Association of power outage with mortality and hospitalizations among Florida nursing home residents after Hurricane Irma. JAMA Health Forum 2, e213900 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"2833_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00361-1","volume":"31","author":"B Ramesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramesh, B. et al. Emergency department visits associated with satellite observed flooding during and following Hurricane Harvey. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 31, 832\u2013841 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2833_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.09.003","volume":"136","author":"F Silva-Palacios","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva-Palacios, F. et al. Impact of tornadoes on hospital admissions for acute cardiovascular events. Thromb. Res. 136, 907\u2013910 (2015).","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"2833_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell, S. A., Abir, M., Choi, H., Cooke, C. & Iwashyna, T. All-cause hospital admissions among older adults after a natural disaster. Ann. Emerg. Med. 71, 746\u2013754 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.06.042"},{"key":"2833_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151108","volume":"809","author":"AJL Quist","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quist, A. J. L. et al. Hurricane flooding and acute gastrointestinal illness in North Carolina. Sci. Total Environ. 809, 151108 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2833_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7657","volume":"322","author":"LM Nogueira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nogueira, L. M., Sahar, L., Efstathiou, J. A., Jemal, A. & Yabroff, K. R. Association between declared hurricane disasters and survival of patients with lung cancer undergoing radiation treatment. JAMA 322, 269\u2013271 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2833_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110924","volume":"196","author":"S Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, S. et al. The immediate effects of winter storms and power outages on multiple health outcomes and the time windows of vulnerability. Environ. Res. 196, 110924 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2833_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1682","volume":"327","author":"RM Parks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parks, R. M. et al. Association of tropical cyclones with county-level mortality in the US. JAMA 327, 946\u2013955 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2833_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.281","volume":"15","author":"KC Heslin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heslin, K. C. et al. Effects of hurricanes on emergency department Utilization: an analysis across 7 US storms. Disaster Med. Public Health Prep. 15, 762\u2013769 (2021).","journal-title":"Disaster Med. Public Health Prep."},{"key":"2833_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21777-1","volume":"12","author":"RM Parks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parks, R. M. et al. Tropical cyclone exposure is associated with increased hospitalization rates in older adults. Nat. Commun. 12, 1545 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2833_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001337","volume":"32","author":"M Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, M. et al. Tropical cyclone exposures and risks of emergency Medicare hospital admission for cardiorespiratory diseases in 175 urban United States counties, 1999\u20132010. Epidemiology 32, 315\u2013326 (2021).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2833_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112370","volume":"15","author":"KL Ebi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ebi, K. L. et al. Stress testing the capacity of health systems to manage climate change-related shocks and stresses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, 2370 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2833_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1803972","volume":"379","author":"N Kishore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kishore, N. et al. Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 162\u2013170 (2018).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2833_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30209-2","volume":"2","author":"C Santos-Burgoa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santos-Burgoa, C. et al. Differential and persistent risk of excess mortality from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico: a time-series analysis. Lancet Planet. Health 2, e478\u2013e488 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"2833_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X21000042","volume":"36","author":"R Kaiser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaiser, R. et al. Hemodialysis clinics in flood zones: a case study of Hurricane Harvey. Prehosp. Disaster Med. 36, 135\u2013140 (2021).","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"key":"2833_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e694","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00143-2","volume":"7","author":"W Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, W. et al. Global short-term mortality risk and burden associated with tropical cyclones from 1980 to 2019: a multi-country time-series study. Lancet Planet Health 7, e694\u2013e705 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"2833_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232043","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.2043","volume":"6","author":"SA Bell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bell, S. A., Miranda, M. L., Bynum, J. P. W. & Davis, M. A. Mortality after exposure to a hurricane among older adults living with dementia. JAMA Netw. Open 6, e232043 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"2833_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18143","volume":"71","author":"CL Hua","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hua, C. L. et al. The relationship between exposure to Hurricane Harvey and mortality among nursing home residents. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 71, 888\u2013894 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"2833_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37675-7","volume":"14","author":"K Burrows","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burrows, K. et al. Health disparities among older adults following tropical cyclone exposure in Florida. Nat. Commun. 14, 2221 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2833_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w27505","author":"T Deryugina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deryugina, T., Gruber, J. & Sabety, A. Natural disasters and elective medical services: how big is the bounce-back? Natl Bur. Economic Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3386\/w27505 (2020).","journal-title":"Natl Bur. Economic Res."},{"key":"2833_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87003","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10440","volume":"130","author":"J-H Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, J. -H. et al. Associations of emergency department visits for asthma with precipitation and temperature on thunderstorm days: a time-series analysis of data from Louisiana, USA (2010\u20132012). Environ. Health Perspect. 130, 87003 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2833_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.1672","volume":"180","author":"E Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou, E. et al. Emergency visits for thunderstorm-related respiratory illnesses among older adults. JAMA Intern. Med. 180, 1248\u20131250 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"2833_CR43","first-page":"283","volume":"185","author":"JF Bobb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bobb, J. F. et al. Time-course of cause-specific hospital admissions during snowstorms: an analysis of electronic medical records from Major Hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts. Am. J. Epidemiol. 185, 283\u2013294 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2833_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(99)90008-6","volume":"17","author":"KM Blindauer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blindauer, K. M., Rubin, C., Morse, D. L. & McGeehin, M. The 1996 New York blizzard: impact on noninjury emergency visits. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 17, 23\u201327 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"2833_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154305","volume":"828","author":"X Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng, X. et al. The independent and synergistic impacts of power outages and floods on hospital admissions for multiple diseases. Sci. Total Environ. 828, 154305 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2833_CR46","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. Poverty status in the past 12 months. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/"},{"key":"2833_CR47","unstructured":"Arizona State University. Spatial hazard events and losses database for the United States. https:\/\/cemhs.asu.edu\/sheldus (2018)."},{"key":"2833_CR48","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Data. Medicare and Medicaid Reports Methodology. https:\/\/data.cms.gov\/resources\/medicare-and-medicaid-reports-methodology\/"},{"key":"2833_CR49","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration. Area Health Resources Files. https:\/\/data.hrsa.gov\/topics\/health-workforce\/ahrf\/ (2015)."},{"key":"2833_CR50","unstructured":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Geographical reference maps: US climate regions. https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/access\/monitoring\/reference-maps\/us-climate-regions\/"}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-02833-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-02833-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-02833-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T12:03:29Z","timestamp":1713528209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-02833-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-02833-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R.N.S. reports no relevant disclosures or grants. L.G.B. reports receiving grant funding from the Association of American Medical Colleges, the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging (R56AG075017), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS029781), as well as consulting fees from the Emergency Medicine Policy Institute. G.A.W. reports receiving consulting income from the Health Effects Institute and Google. J.P. and E.J.O. report no relevant disclosures or grants. A.K.J. was on leave from Brown University while serving as the White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator. However, this research and work was completed while A.K.J. was employed at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Brown University School of Public Health, and the findings and views in this paper do not reflect the official views or policy of the White House during the tenure of A.K.J. there. A.K.J. otherwise reports no relevant disclosures or grants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}