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D.C., R.M.S. and L.G.T.M. are co-inventors on a patent (US11230599\/EP4226944A3) filed by MSKCC for using TMB to predict immunotherapy response, licensed to Personal Genome Diagnostics (PGDx). S.-K.Y., C.V., L.G.T.M. and D.C. are co-inventors on a patent (US20240282410A1) filed jointly by Cleveland Clinic and MSKCC for a multi-modal machine learning model to predict immunotherapy response, licensed to Tempus. S.G. reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genentech, Regeneron and Takeda not related to this study and personal fees from Taiho outside the submitted work. M.D.G reports grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Merck and Genentech, and serves as an advisory board\/consultant for Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, EMD Serono, SeaGen, Janssen, Numab, Dragonfly, GlaxoSmithKline, Basilea, UroGen, Rappta Therapeutics, Alligator, Silverback, Fujifilm, Curis, Gilead, Bicycle, Asieris, Abbvie, Analog Devices, Veracyte, Daiichi and Aktis. E.E.S is an executive officer at Pathos, a clinical-stage oncology drug development and information company, and owns equity in this company. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}