{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T23:18:48Z","timestamp":1788650328186,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZEN24-1069572, SG-23-1061717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZEN24-1069572, SG-23-1061717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS131658, U01NS113851 and U01NS122419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS131658, U01NS113851 and U01NS122419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS100610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS100610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS115114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS115114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03469-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T05:04:23Z","timestamp":1738213463000},"page":"396-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Toward a biological definition of neuronal and glial synucleinopathies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brit","family":"Mollenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5970-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Un Jung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy N.","family":"Alcalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2921-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Standaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6407-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Trenkwalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Galasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Poston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14965","volume":"153","author":"IC Bras","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bras, I. C. et al. Synucleinopathies: where we are and where we need to go. J. Neurochem. 153, 433\u2013454 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"3469_CR2","first-page":"S53","volume":"7","author":"M Goedert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goedert, M., Jakes, R. & Spillantini, M. G. The synucleinopathies: twenty years on. J. Parkinsons Dis. 7, S53\u2013S71 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01869.x","volume":"62","author":"W Poewe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poewe, W. et al. Diagnosis and management of Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 62, 1581\u20131587 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"3469_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27114","volume":"33","author":"WA Rocca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rocca, W. A. The future burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 33, 8\u20139 (2018).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2022.2059978","volume":"38","author":"U Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai, U. et al. Epidemiology and economic burden of Lewy body dementia in the United States. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 38, 1177\u20131188 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"3469_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22360","volume":"323","author":"MJ Armstrong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armstrong, M. J. & Okun, M. S. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: a review. JAMA 323, 548\u2013560 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3469_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002350","volume":"86","author":"G Rizzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rizzo, G. et al. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 86, 566\u2013576 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001016","volume":"11","author":"CH Adler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adler, C. H. et al. Clinical diagnostic accuracy of early\/advanced parkinson disease: an updated clinicopathologic study. Neurol. Clin. Pract. 11, e414\u2013e421 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"3469_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3283480569","volume":"24","author":"GK Wenning","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wenning, G. K., Krismer, F. & Poewe, W. New insights into atypical parkinsonism. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 24, 331\u2013338 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12597","volume":"40","author":"T Kon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kon, T., Tomiyama, M. & Wakabayashi, K. Neuropathology of Lewy body disease: clinicopathological crosstalk between typical and atypical cases. Neuropathology 40, 30\u201339 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"3469_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0320-x","volume":"14","author":"D Twohig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Twohig, D. & Nielsen, H. M. Alpha-synuclein in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Neurodegener. 14, 23 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"3469_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0606","volume":"72","author":"EJ Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung, E. J. et al. Clinical features of Alzheimer disease with and without lewy bodies. JAMA Neurol. 72, 789\u2013796 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02450-0","volume":"29","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palmqvist, S. et al. Cognitive effects of Lewy body pathology in clinically unimpaired individuals. Nat. Med. 29, 1971\u20131978 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02449-7","volume":"29","author":"C Quadalti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quadalti, C. et al. Clinical effects of Lewy body pathology in cognitively impaired individuals. Nat. Med. 29, 1964\u20131970 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00520-w","volume":"17","author":"H Hampel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hampel, H. et al. Developing the ATX(N) classification for use across the Alzheimer disease continuum. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 17, 580\u2013589 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack Jr.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack, C. R. Jr. et al. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement 14, 535\u2013562 (2018).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"3469_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002923","volume":"87","author":"CR Jack Jr.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jack, C. R. Jr. et al. A\/T\/N: an unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers. Neurology 87, 539\u2013547 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00404-0","volume":"23","author":"GU Hoglinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoglinger, G. U. et al. A biological classification of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria. Lancet Neurol. 23, 191\u2013204 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00405-2","volume":"23","author":"T Simuni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simuni, T. et al. A biological definition of neuronal alpha-synuclein disease: towards an integrated staging system for research. Lancet Neurol. 23, 178\u2013190 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma, R. B. et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 30, 1591\u20131601 (2015).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","volume":"89","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKeith, I. G. et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 89, 88\u2013100 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15","volume":"71","author":"S Gilman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilman, S. et al. Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 71, 670\u2013676 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29005","volume":"37","author":"GK Wenning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wenning, G. K. et al. The movement disorder society criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Mov. Disord. 37, 1131\u20131148 (2022).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.4.584","volume":"63","author":"S Greffard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greffard, S. et al. Motor score of the unified Parkinson disease rating scale as a good predictor of Lewy body-associated neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Arch. Neurol. 63, 584\u2013588 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.04.009","volume":"15","author":"AB Neikrug","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neikrug, A. B. et al. Parkinson\u2019s disease and REM sleep behavior disorder result in increased non-motor symptoms. Sleep. Med. 15, 959\u2013966 (2014).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150685","volume":"5","author":"P Mahlknecht","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahlknecht, P., Seppi, K. & Poewe, W. The concept of prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease. J. Parkinsons Dis. 5, 681\u2013697 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00486-9","volume":"17","author":"D Berg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berg, D. et al. Prodromal Parkinson disease subtypes \u2014 key to understanding heterogeneity. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 17, 349\u2013361 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26431","volume":"30","author":"D Berg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berg, D. et al. MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 30, 1600\u20131611 (2015).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27997","volume":"35","author":"M van de Beek","year":"2020","unstructured":"van de Beek, M. et al. Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies: clinical characterization and predictors of progression. Mov. Disord. 35, 859\u2013867 (2020).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyman-Chick, K. A. et al. Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies: evolution of symptoms and predictors of dementia onset. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 35, 527\u2013534 (2021).","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887211023586"},{"key":"3469_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009323","volume":"94","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKeith, I. G. et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 94, 743\u2013755 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz111","volume":"142","author":"SM Fereshtehnejad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fereshtehnejad, S. M. et al. Evolution of prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a prospective study. Brain 142, 2051\u20132067 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3469_CR33","first-page":"1189","volume":"19","author":"DR Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams, D. R. & Litvan, I. Parkinsonian syndromes. Continuum19, 1189\u20131212 (2013).","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"3469_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4782","volume":"322","author":"Z Arvanitakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arvanitakis, Z., Shah, R. C. & Bennett, D. A. Diagnosis and management of dementia: review. JAMA 322, 1589\u20131599 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3469_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.1.19","volume":"7","author":"KW Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park, K. W. et al. Dementia with Lewy bodies versus Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: a comparison of cognitive profiles. J. Clin. Neurol. 7, 19\u201324 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.3.347","volume":"57","author":"U Hohl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hohl, U., Tiraboschi, P., Hansen, L. A., Thal, L. J. & Corey-Bloom, J. Diagnostic accuracy of dementia with Lewy bodies. Arch. Neurol. 57, 347\u2013351 (2000).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh725","volume":"129","author":"P Tiraboschi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tiraboschi, P. et al. What best differentiates Lewy body from Alzheimer\u2019s disease in early-stage dementia? Brain 129, 729\u2013735 (2006).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3469_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-219006","volume":"11","author":"K McFarthing","year":"2021","unstructured":"McFarthing, K., Rafaloff, G., Baptista, M. A. S., Wyse, R. K. & Stott, S. R. W. Parkinson\u2019s disease drug therapies in the clinical trial pipeline: 2021 update. J. Parkinsons Dis. 11, 891\u2013903 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00599-y","volume":"4","author":"G Salvado","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salvado, G. et al. Disease staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using a CSF-based biomarker model. Nat. Aging 4, 694\u2013708 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"3469_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-00393-7","volume":"615","author":"EM Reiman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reiman, E. M. Drug trial for Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a game changer. Nature 615, 42\u201343 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3469_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00976-6","volume":"30","author":"LK Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, L. K., Kuan, Y. C., Lin, H. W. & Hu, C. J. Clinical trials of new drugs for Alzheimer disease: a 2020\u20132023 update. J. Biomed. Sci. 30, 83 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"3469_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00503-3","volume":"23","author":"SKL Darweesh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Darweesh, S. K. L., Sampaio, C. & Bloem, B. R. Has the time come to redefine Parkinson\u2019s disease? Lancet Neurol. 23, 130\u2013133 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033","volume":"46","author":"DW Dickson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dickson, D. W. Neuropathology of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 46, S30\u2013S33 (2018).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00179-6","volume":"7","author":"KM Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller, K. M., Mercado, N. M. & Sortwell, C. E. Synucleinopathy-associated pathogenesis in Parkinson\u2019s disease and the potential for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 7, 35 (2021).","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30024-9","volume":"18","author":"L Parnetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parnetti, L. et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 18, 573\u2013586 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2019.07.009","volume":"165","author":"SB Berman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berman, S. B. & Miller-Patterson, C. PD and DLB: brain imaging in Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 165, 167\u2013185 (2019).","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"3469_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam6003","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam6003","volume":"10","author":"AS Chen-Plotkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen-Plotkin, A. S. et al. Finding useful biomarkers for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaam6003 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14090847","volume":"14","author":"S Korat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Korat, S. et al. Alpha-synuclein PET tracer development\u2014an overview about current efforts. Pharmaceuticals 14, 847 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"3469_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28984","volume":"37","author":"OM Alzghool","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alzghool, O. M., van Dongen, G., van de Giessen, E., Schoonmade, L. & Beaino, W. Alpha-synuclein radiotracer development and in vivo imaging: recent advancements and new perspectives. Mov. Disord. 37, 936\u2013948 (2022).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27110","volume":"32","author":"P Eusebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eusebi, P. et al. Diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov. Disord. 32, 1389\u20131400 (2017).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000316","volume":"82","author":"V Donadio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Donadio, V. et al. Skin nerve alpha-synuclein deposits: a biomarker for idiopathic Parkinson disease. Neurology 82, 1362\u20131369 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simonsen, A. H. et al. The utility of alpha-synuclein as biofluid marker in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review of the literature. Biomark. Med. 10, 19\u201334 (2015).","DOI":"10.2217\/BMM.14.105"},{"key":"3469_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12370","volume":"26","author":"A Atik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atik, A., Stewart, T. & Zhang, J. Alpha-synuclein as a biomarker for parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Pathol. 26, 410\u2013418 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"3469_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2014.961454","volume":"125","author":"L Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao, L. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein as a biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Neurosci. 125, 645\u2013654 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"3469_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702639","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.702639","volume":"13","author":"U Ganguly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ganguly, U. et al. Alpha-synuclein as a biomarker of Parkinson\u2019s disease: good, but not good enough. Front. Aging Neurosci. 13, 702639 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"3469_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1654","volume":"69","author":"S Hall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hall, S. et al. Accuracy of a panel of 5 cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of patients with dementia and\/or parkinsonian disorders. Arch. Neurol. 69, 1445\u20131452 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.01.007","volume":"42","author":"C Soto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soto, C. Alpha-synuclein seed amplification technology for Parkinson\u2019s disease and related synucleinopathies. Trends Biotechnol. 42, 829\u2013841 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"3469_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00787-3","volume":"18","author":"L Concha-Marambio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Concha-Marambio, L., Pritzkow, S., Shahnawaz, M., Farris, C. M. & Soto, C. Seed amplification assay for the detection of pathologic alpha-synuclein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid. Nat. Protoc. 18, 1179\u20131196 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"3469_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4547","volume":"74","author":"M Shahnawaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahnawaz, M. et al. Development of a biochemical diagnosis of parkinson disease by detection of alpha-synuclein misfolded aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid. JAMA Neurol. 74, 163\u2013172 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.338","volume":"3","author":"G Fairfoul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fairfoul, G. et al. Alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC in the CSF of patients with alpha-synucleinopathies. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 3, 812\u2013818 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00109-6","volume":"22","author":"A Siderowf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siderowf, A. et al. Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative cohort using alpha-synuclein seed amplification: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol. 22, 407\u2013417 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29329","volume":"38","author":"L Concha-Marambio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Concha-Marambio, L. et al. Accurate detection of alpha-synuclein seeds in cerebrospinal fluid from isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in the DeNovo Parkinson (DeNoPa) cohort. Mov. Disord. 38, 567\u2013578 (2023).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01282-8","volume":"9","author":"MJ Russo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Russo, M. J. et al. High diagnostic performance of independent alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays for detection of early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 9, 179 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"3469_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28715","volume":"36","author":"L Concha-Marambio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Concha-Marambio, L. et al. Seed amplification assay to diagnose early Parkinson\u2019s and predict dopaminergic deficit progression. Mov. Disord. 36, 2444\u20132446 (2021).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26089","volume":"89","author":"W Singer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singer, W. et al. Alpha-synuclein oligomers and neurofilament light chain predict phenoconversion of pure autonomic failure. Ann. Neurol. 89, 1212\u20131220 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1984-7","volume":"578","author":"M Shahnawaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahnawaz, M. et al. Discriminating alpha-synuclein strains in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy. Nature 578, 273\u2013277 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3469_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25824","volume":"88","author":"W Singer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singer, W. et al. Alpha-synuclein oligomers and neurofilament light chain in spinal fluid differentiate multiple system atrophy from lewy body synucleinopathies. Ann. Neurol. 88, 503\u2013512 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27646","volume":"34","author":"UJ Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang, U. J. et al. Comparative study of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seeding aggregation assays for diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 34, 536\u2013544 (2019).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703984","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.703984","volume":"13","author":"T Nakagaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakagaki, T., Nishida, N. & Satoh, K. Development of alpha-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion as a diagnostic method for alpha-synucleinopathies. Front. Aging Neurosci. 13, 703984 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"3469_CR70","first-page":"e930","volume":"97","author":"M Rossi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossi, M. et al. Diagnostic value of the CSF alpha-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay at the prodromal MCI stage of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 97, e930\u2013e940 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28651","volume":"36","author":"A Mammana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mammana, A. et al. RT-QuIC detection of pathological alpha-synuclein in skin punches of patients with Lewy body disease. Mov. Disord. 36, 2173\u20132177 (2021).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050759","volume":"13","author":"JY Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han, J. Y., Shin, C. & Choi, Y. P. Preclinical detection of alpha-synuclein seeding activity in the colon of a transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathy by RT-QuIC. Viruses 13, 759 (2021).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"3469_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01175-w","volume":"9","author":"C Bargar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bargar, C. et al. Streamlined alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC assay for various biospecimens in Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 9, 62 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"3469_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27907","volume":"35","author":"S Manne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manne, S. et al. Alpha-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion in the submandibular glands of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Mov. Disord. 35, 268\u2013278 (2020).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR75","first-page":"1","volume":"78","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Skin alpha-synuclein aggregation seeding activity as a novel biomarker for Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol. 78, 1\u201311 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28242","volume":"35","author":"S Manne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manne, S. et al. Blinded RT-QuIC analysis of alpha-synuclein biomarker in skin tissue from Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Mov. Disord. 35, 2230\u20132239 (2020).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866527666200420105352","volume":"28","author":"SJ Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, S. J. et al. Establishment of method for the determination of aggregated alpha-synuclein in DLB patient using RT-QuIC assay. Protein Pept. Lett. 28, 115\u2013120 (2020).","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"3469_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02160-8","volume":"140","author":"M Rossi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossi, M. et al. Ultrasensitive RT-QuIC assay with high sensitivity and specificity for Lewy body-associated synucleinopathies. Acta Neuropathol. 140, 49\u201362 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"3469_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2020.1724608","volume":"14","author":"JY Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han, J. Y., Jang, H. S., Green, A. J. E. & Choi, Y. P. RT-QuIC-based detection of alpha-synuclein seeding activity in brains of dementia with Lewy body patients and of a transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathy. Prion 14, 88\u201394 (2020).","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"3469_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50897","volume":"6","author":"M Bongianni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bongianni, M. et al. Alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC assay in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 6, 2120\u20132126 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0508-2","volume":"6","author":"BR Groveman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Groveman, B. R. et al. Rapid and ultra-sensitive quantitation of disease-associated alpha-synuclein seeds in brain and cerebrospinal fluid by alphaSyn RT-QuIC. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 6, 7 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"3469_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30449-X","volume":"20","author":"A Iranzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iranzo, A. et al. Detection of alpha-synuclein in CSF by RT-QuIC in patients with isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a longitudinal observational study. Lancet Neurol. 20, 203\u2013212 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02358-9","volume":"29","author":"A Okuzumi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okuzumi, A. et al. Propagative alpha-synuclein seeds as serum biomarkers for synucleinopathies. Nat. Med. 29, 1448\u20131455 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1944","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207147","volume":"100","author":"A Iranzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iranzo, A. et al. Misfolded alpha-synuclein assessment in the skin and CSF by RT-QuIC in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 100, e1944\u2013e1954 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3469_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29340","volume":"38","author":"A Kuzkina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuzkina, A. et al. Dermal real-time quaking-induced conversion is a sensitive marker to confirm isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder as an early alpha-synucleinopathy. Mov. Disord. 38, 1077\u20131082 (2023).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29246","volume":"38","author":"G Vivacqua","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vivacqua, G. et al. Salivary alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC correlates with disease severity in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov. Disord. 38, 153\u2013155 (2023).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00311-3","volume":"11","author":"M Bongianni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bongianni, M. et al. Olfactory swab sampling optimization for alpha-synuclein aggregate detection in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Transl. Neurodegener. 11, 37 (2022).","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"3469_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28976","volume":"37","author":"M Luan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luan, M. et al. Diagnostic value of salivary real-time quaking-induced conversion in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy. Mov. Disord. 37, 1059\u20131063 (2022).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes Gomes, B. et al. Alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay as a diagnostic tool for parkinsonian disorders. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 117, 105807 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105807"},{"key":"3469_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26453","volume":"92","author":"MR Arnold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arnold, M. R. et al. Alpha-synuclein seed amplification in CSF and brain from patients with different brain distributions of pathological alpha-synuclein in the context of co-pathology and non-LBD diagnoses. Ann. Neurol. 92, 650\u2013662 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51753","volume":"10","author":"LM Chahine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chahine, L. M. et al. Central and peripheral alpha-synuclein in Parkinson disease detected by seed amplification assay. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 10, 696\u2013705 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac115","volume":"145","author":"A Kluge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kluge, A. et al. Detection of neuron-derived pathological alpha-synuclein in blood. Brain 145, 3058\u20133071 (2022).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3469_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00501-z","volume":"16","author":"S Koga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koga, S., Sekiya, H., Kondru, N., Ross, O. A. & Dickson, D. W. Neuropathology and molecular diagnosis of synucleinopathies. Mol. Neurodegener. 16, 83 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"3469_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-4-371","volume":"16","author":"G Pagano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pagano, G., Niccolini, F. & Politis, M. Imaging in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin. Med. 16, 371\u2013375 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00185-8","volume":"7","author":"D Bega","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bega, D. et al. Clinical utility of DaTscan in patients with suspected Parkinsonian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 7, 43 (2021).","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51269","volume":"8","author":"LM Chahine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chahine, L. M. et al. Dopamine transporter imaging predicts clinically-defined alpha-synucleinopathy in REM sleep behavior disorder. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 8, 201\u2013212 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28139","volume":"35","author":"A Siderowf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siderowf, A. et al. Clinical and imaging progression in the PARS Cohort: long-term follow-up. Mov. Disord. 35, 1550\u20131557 (2020).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2018.08.011","volume":"141","author":"R De Micco","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Micco, R., Russo, A. & Tessitore, A. Structural MRI in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int Rev. Neurobiol. 141, 405\u2013438 (2018).","journal-title":"Int Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"3469_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13227","volume":"8","author":"M Catalan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Catalan, M. et al. (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in discriminating degenerative parkinsonisms. Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. 8, 717\u2013724 (2021).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"3469_CR100","first-page":"449","volume":"69","author":"BJ Snow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Snow, B. J. Fluorodopa PET scanning in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Adv. Neurol. 69, 449\u2013457 (1996).","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.186403","volume":"58","author":"PT Meyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meyer, P. T., Frings, L., Rucker, G. & Hellwig, S. (18)F-FDG PET in parkinsonism: differential diagnosis and evaluation of cognitive impairment. J. Nucl. Med. 58, 1888\u20131898 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"3469_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27193","volume":"32","author":"SA Schneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schneider, S. A. & Alcalay, R. N. Neuropathology of genetic synucleinopathies with parkinsonism: review of the literature. Mov. Disord. 32, 1504\u20131523 (2017).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70230-9","volume":"18","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2000","unstructured":"McKeith, I. G. Spectrum of Parkinson\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Neurol. Clin. 18, 865\u2013902 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"3469_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1016-8","volume":"16","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jellinger, K. A. & Korczyn, A. D. Are dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia the same disease? BMC Med 16, 34 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"3469_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29590","volume":"38","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weintraub, D. What\u2019s in a name? The time has come to unify Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Mov. Disord. 38, 1977\u20131981 (2023).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05319-3","volume":"610","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Structures of alpha-synuclein filaments from human brains with Lewy pathology. Nature 610, 791\u2013795 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3469_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2017.11.002","volume":"211","author":"E Valera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valera, E. & Masliah, E. The neuropathology of multiple system atrophy and its therapeutic implications. Auton. Neurosci. 211, 1\u20136 (2018).","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"3469_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00395-8","volume":"23","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, Y. et al. Sensitivity and specificity of a seed amplification assay for diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 23, 1225\u20131237 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160696","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160696","volume":"4","author":"C Xue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xue, C., Lin, T. Y., Chang, D. & Guo, Z. Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 160696 (2017).","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"3469_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.03.003","volume":"85","author":"D Br\u00fcck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Br\u00fcck, D. et al. Glia and alpha-synuclein in neurodegeneration: a complex interaction. Neurobiol. Dis. 85, 262\u2013274 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00473-5","volume":"9","author":"R Liguori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liguori, R. et al. A comparative blind study between skin biopsy and seed amplification assay to disclose pathological alpha-synuclein in RBD. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 9, 34 (2023).","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"3469_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28126","volume":"35","author":"V Donadio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donadio, V. et al. Skin biopsy may help to distinguish multiple system atrophy-parkinsonism from Parkinson\u2019s disease with orthostatic hypotension. Mov. Disord. 35, 1649\u20131657 (2020).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"3469_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-022-01058-5","volume":"68","author":"M Funayama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Funayama, M., Nishioka, K., Li, Y. & Hattori, N. Molecular genetics of Parkinson\u2019s disease: contributions and global trends. J. Hum. Genet 68, 125\u2013130 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"3469_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12071006","volume":"12","author":"JO Day","year":"2021","unstructured":"Day, J. O. & Mullin, S. The genetics of Parkinson\u2019s disease and implications for clinical practice. Genes 12, 1006 (2021).","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"3469_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00920-8","volume":"17","author":"SA Schneider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider, S. A., Hizli, B. & Alcalay, R. N. Emerging targeted therapeutics for genetic subtypes of parkinsonism. Neurotherapeutics 17, 1378\u20131392 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"3469_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0235-9","volume":"21","author":"C Soto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soto, C. & Pritzkow, S. Protein misfolding, aggregation, and conformational strains in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 1332\u20131340 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3469_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07","volume":"65","author":"H Uchikado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uchikado, H., Lin, W. L., DeLucia, M. W. & Dickson, D. W. Alzheimer disease with amygdala Lewy bodies: a distinct form of alpha-synucleinopathy. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 65, 685\u2013697 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"3469_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13658","volume":"20","author":"G Bellomo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bellomo, G. et al. Investigating alpha-synuclein co-pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease by means of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay. Alzheimers Dement. 20, 2444\u20132452 (2024).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"3469_CR119","unstructured":"Irwin, D. J. & Hurtig, H. I. The contribution of tau, amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein pathology to dementia in Lewy body disorders. J. Alzheimers Dis. Parkinsonism 8, 444 (2018)."},{"key":"3469_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.02.031","volume":"7","author":"N Salvadores","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salvadores, N., Shahnawaz, M., Scarpini, E., Tagliavini, F. & Soto, C. Detection of misfolded abeta oligomers for sensitive biochemical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Rep. 7, 261\u2013268 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"3469_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1947-3","volume":"137","author":"A kraus","year":"2019","unstructured":"kraus, A. et al. Seeding selectivity and ultrasensitive detection of tau aggregate conformers of Alzheimer disease. Acta Neuropathol. 137, 585\u2013598 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"3469_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa142","volume":"2","author":"C Scialo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scialo, C. et al. TDP-43 real-time quaking induced conversion reaction optimization and detection of seeding activity in CSF of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia patients. Brain Commun. 2, fcaa142 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"3469_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00408","volume":"10","author":"M Ingelsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ingelsson, M. Alpha-synuclein oligomers-neurotoxic molecules in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other Lewy body disorders. Front Neurosci. 10, 408 (2016).","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"3469_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13799","volume":"20","author":"N Samudra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samudra, N. et al. Clinicopathological correlation of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in a behavioral neurology autopsy cohort. Alzheimers Dement. 20, 3334\u20133341 (2024).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"3469_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww230","volume":"140","author":"M Goedert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goedert, M., Masuda-Suzukake, M. & Falcon, B. Like prions: the propagation of aggregated tau and alpha-synuclein in neurodegeneration. Brain 140, 266\u2013278 (2017).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3469_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13710","volume":"10","author":"A Grossauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grossauer, A. et al. Alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays in the diagnosis of synucleinopathies using cerebrospinal fluid-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. 10, 737\u2013747 (2023).","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"3469_CR127","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Drug development tool letter of support DDT-MBQ-000157; https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/181368\/download (19 August 2024)."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03469-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03469-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03469-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T18:04:07Z","timestamp":1739901847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03469-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03469-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"C.S. is a founder, chief scientific officer, shareholder and member of the board of directors of Amprion, a biotechnology company that focuses on the commercial use of seed amplification assays for high-sensitivity detection of misfolded protein aggregates involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. The University of Texas Health Science Center has licensed patents to Amprion. B.M. is scientific advisor to Amprion and has received honoraria for consultancy and\/or educational presentations from GE, Bial, Roche, Biogen and AbbVie. O.H. has acquired research support (for the institution) from AVID Radiopharmaceuticals, Biogen, C2N Diagnostics, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Fujirebio, GE Healthcare and Roche. In the past 2 years, he has received consultancy or speaker fees from AC Immune, Alzpath, BioArctic, Biogen, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Cerveau, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi and Siemens. U.J.K. is on the scientific advisory board of Amprion and consults for UCB, NurrOn and HanAll. R.N.A. has received consulting fees from Biogen, Biohaven, Capsida, Gain Therapeutics, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda and Vanqua Bio. D.S. is a consultant for or received honoraria from Abbvie, Alnylam Pharmaceutics, Appello, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, BlueRock Therapeutics, Coave Therapeutics Curium Pharma, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Eli Lilly USA, Sanofi-Aventis and Theravance. K.M. declares support from his institution (Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders) from the MJFF, and consultancies for Invicro, Xing Imaging, Ixico, the MJFF, Roche, Calico, Coave, Neuron23, Orbimed, Biohaven, Sanofi, Koneksa, Merck, Lilly, Inhibikase, Neuramedy, IRLabs and Prothena. D.G. has served as a consultant for GE Healthcare, Eisai and Biogen. K.P. is a scientific advisor to Amprion and has served as a consultant for Curasen, Novartis, Biohaven and Neuron23.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}