{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T04:08:14Z","timestamp":1794283694435,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04067-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T10:02:55Z","timestamp":1767780175000},"page":"671-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Soluble MAdCAM-1 as a biomarker in metastatic renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Alves Costa Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6708-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Machaalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee Maria","family":"Saliby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiwei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanling","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0799-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pasolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1947-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Piccinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Dalban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5589-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine","family":"Fidelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Meurisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewi","family":"Vernerey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwo-Shu Mary","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Birebent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8640-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Flippot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Barros-Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1583-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Segata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Thiery-Vuillemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8227-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Formenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Escudier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Derosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-0998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Zitvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni K.","family":"Choueiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Albiges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","volume":"359","author":"A Ribas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribas, A. & Wolchok, J. D. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade. Science 359, 1350\u20131355 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01743-4","volume":"126","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, H., Van Der Merwe, P. A. & Sivakumar, S. Biomarkers of response to PD-1 pathway blockade. Br. J. Cancer 126, 1663\u20131675 (2022).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"4067_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6918","volume":"359","author":"L Zitvogel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zitvogel, L., Ma, Y., Raoult, D., Kroemer, G. & Gajewski, T. F. The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Science 359, 1366\u20131370 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0236","volume":"11","author":"L Derosa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Derosa, L. et al. Microbiota-centered interventions: the next breakthrough in immuno-oncology?. Cancer Discov. 11, 2396\u20132412 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"4067_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.12.003","volume":"42","author":"B Routy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Routy, B. et al. Melanoma and microbiota: current understanding and future directions. Cancer Cell 42, 16\u201334 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"4067_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.1555","volume":"33","author":"C Alves Costa Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alves Costa Silva, C. et al. 1452MO longitudinal analysis reveals gut microbiota shift during standard therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Ann. Oncol. 33, S1208 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3569","volume":"10","author":"N Dizman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dizman, N. et al. Randomized trial assessing impact of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiome and clinical outcome from targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med. 10, 79\u201386 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"4067_CR8","volume":"8","author":"A Elkrief","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elkrief, A. et al. Antibiotics are associated with worse outcomes in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. NPJ Precis. Oncol. 8, 143 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0999","volume":"12","author":"S Yonekura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yonekura, S. et al. Cancer induces a stress ileopathy depending on \u03b2-adrenergic receptors and promoting dysbiosis that contributes to carcinogenesis. Cancer Discov. 12, 1128\u20131151 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"4067_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04567-7","volume":"604","author":"R Gacesa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gacesa, R. et al. Environmental factors shaping the gut microbiome in a Dutch population. Nature 604, 732\u2013739 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4067_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.044","volume":"78","author":"L Derosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Derosa, L. et al. Gut bacteria composition drives primary resistance to cancer immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma patients. Eur. Urol. 78, 195 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"4067_CR12","volume":"4","author":"CG Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, C. G. et al. Prior antibiotic administration disrupts anti-PD-1 responses in advanced gastric cancer by altering the gut microbiome and systemic immune response. Cell Rep. Med. 4, 101251 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","volume":"371","author":"D Davar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davar, D. et al. Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients. Science 371, 595\u2013602 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5920","volume":"371","author":"EN Baruch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baruch, E. N. et al. Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients. Science 371, 602\u2013609 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040504","volume":"15","author":"C Alves Costa Silva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alves Costa Silva, C., Almonte, A. A. & Zitvogel, L. Oncobiomics: leveraging microbiome translational research in immuno-oncology for clinical-practice changes. Biomolecules 15, 504 (2025).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"4067_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02453-x","volume":"29","author":"B Routy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Routy, B. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a phase I trial. Nat. Med. 29, 2121\u20132132 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.1126","volume":"35","author":"A Elkrief","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elkrief, A. et al. 1068P phase II trial of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) plus immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and cutaneous melanoma (FMT-LUMINate). Ann. Oncol. 35, S707 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.2320","volume":"35","author":"C Ciccarese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ciccarese, C. et al. LBA77 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) versus placebo in patients receiving pembrolizumab plus axitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: preliminary results of the randomized phase II TACITO trial. Ann. Oncol. 35, S1264 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS407","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.6_suppl.TPS407","volume":"40","author":"S Porcari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Porcari, S. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation to improve efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma (TACITO trial). J. Clin. Oncol. 40, TPS407 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01694-6","volume":"28","author":"N Dizman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dizman, N. et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial. Nat. Med. 28, 704\u2013712 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03086-4","volume":"30","author":"H Ebrahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, H. et al. Cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial. Nat. Med. 30, 2576\u20132585 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","volume":"359","author":"B Routy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Routy, B. et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359, 91\u201397 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004977","volume":"12","author":"E Pasolli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pasolli, E., Truong, D. T., Malik, F., Waldron, L. & Segata, N. Machine learning meta-analysis of large metagenomic datasets: tools and biological insights. PLoS Comput. Biol. 12, e1004977 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"4067_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.029","volume":"187","author":"L Derosa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Derosa, L. et al. Custom scoring based on ecological topology of gut microbiota associated with cancer immunotherapy outcome. Cell 187, 3373\u20133389 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4067_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo2296","volume":"380","author":"M Fidelle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fidelle, M. et al. A microbiota-modulated checkpoint directs immunosuppressive intestinal T cells into cancers. Science 380, eabo2296 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.12.008","volume":"36","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choueiri, T. K. et al. Avelumab\u2009+\u2009axitinib versus sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: final analysis of the phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial. Ann. Oncol. 36, 387\u2013392 (2025).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.04.010","volume":"31","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choueiri, T. K. et al. Updated efficacy results from the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial: first-line avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann. Oncol. 31, 1030 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.6_suppl.344","volume":"40","author":"A Thiery-Vuillemin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thiery-Vuillemin, A. et al. Randomized phase II study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib by dose administration regimen in anti-angiogenic naive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): final analysis of SURF study. J. Clin. Oncol. 40, 344 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.7_suppl.542","volume":"37","author":"L Albiges","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albiges, L. et al. Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): final analysis from the NIVOREN GETUG AFU 26 study. J. Clin. Oncol. 37, 542 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v6i1.441","volume":"6","author":"TJ Ketas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ketas, T. J. et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are detectable in saliva. Pathog. Immun. 6, 116\u2013134 (2021).","journal-title":"Pathog. Immun."},{"key":"4067_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.574","volume":"305","author":"K Stolarz-Skrzypek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stolarz-Skrzypek, K. Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion. JAMA 305, 1777 (2011).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4067_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2484880","volume":"14","author":"R Birebent","year":"2025","unstructured":"Birebent, R. et al. Surrogate markers of intestinal dysfunction associated with survival in advanced cancers. Oncoimmunology 14, 2484880 (2025).","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"4067_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2024.2374954","volume":"13","author":"M Bredon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bredon, M. et al. Faecalibaterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 13, 2374954 (2024).","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"4067_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","volume":"359","author":"V Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan, V. et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science 359, 97\u2013103 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","volume":"359","author":"V Matson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matson, V. et al. The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Science 359, 104\u2013108 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4067_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.02.010","volume":"43","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Low-dose irradiation of the gut improves the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in metastatic cancer patients. Cancer Cell 43, 361\u2013379 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"4067_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03608-8","volume":"31","author":"L Zitvogel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zitvogel, L. et al. Impact of the ONCOBIOME network in cancer microbiome research. Nat. Med. 31, 1085\u20131098 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03693-9","volume":"31","author":"G Piccinno","year":"2025","unstructured":"Piccinno, G. et al. Pooled analysis of 3,741 stool metagenomes from 18 cohorts for cross-stage and strain-level reproducible microbial biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Nat. Med. 31, 2416\u20132429 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-1230","volume":"15","author":"L Marcos-Kovandzic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marcos-Kovandzic, L. et al. Gut microbiota modulation through Akkermansia spp. supplementation increases CAR T-cell potency. Cancer Discov. 15, 1905\u20131926 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"4067_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24231","volume":"33","author":"AJ Grant","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grant, A. J., Lalor, P. F., H\u00fcbscher, S. G., Briskin, M. & Adams, D. H. MAdCAM-1 expressed in chronic inflammatory liver disease supports mucosal lymphocyte adhesion to hepatic endothelium (MAdCAM-1 in chronic inflammatory liver disease). Hepatology 33, 1065\u20131072 (2001).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4067_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113350","volume":"42","author":"L Laurans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laurans, L. et al. An obesogenic diet increases atherosclerosis through promoting microbiota dysbiosis-induced gut lymphocyte trafficking into the periphery. Cell Rep. 42, 113350 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"4067_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adg8841","volume":"8","author":"V Feliu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feliu, V. et al. Distant antimetastatic effect of enterotropic colon cancer-derived \u03b14\u03b27+CD8+ T cells. Sci. Immunol. 8, eadg8841 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"4067_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.07.020","volume":"57","author":"L Zitvogel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zitvogel, L., Fidelle, M. & Kroemer, G. Long-distance microbial mechanisms impacting cancer immunosurveillance. Immunity 57, 2013\u20132029 (2024).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4067_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01655-5","volume":"28","author":"L Derosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Derosa, L. et al. Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat. Med. 28, 315\u2013324 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.1232","volume":"35","author":"L Belluomini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Belluomini, L. et al. 1172O Akkermansia muciniphila-based multi-omic profiling in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol. 35, S762 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115378","volume":"44","author":"A Goel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goel, A. et al. Toward a health-associated core keystone index for the human gut microbiome. Cell Rep. 44, 115378 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"4067_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LBA104","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.17_suppl.LBA104","volume":"41","author":"H Ebrahimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, H. Effect of CBM588 in combination with cabozantinib plus nivolumab for patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): a randomized clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 41, LBA104 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR48","unstructured":"NIH. A phase 1\/2 study of Oncobax\u00ae-AK administered in combination with immunotherapy to patients with advanced solid tumors. ClinicalTrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05865730 (2023)."},{"key":"4067_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816047","volume":"380","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Motzer, R. J. et al. Avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 1103\u20131115 (2019).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4067_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.02218","volume":"37","author":"R Flippot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flippot, R. et al. Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: results of the GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN multicenter phase II study. J. Clin. Oncol. 37, 2008\u20132016 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004885","volume":"10","author":"L Carril-Ajuria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carril-Ajuria, L. et al. Baseline circulating unswitched memory B cells and B-cell related soluble factors are associated with overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab within the NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study. J. Immunother. Cancer 10, e004885 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"4067_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2613-8","volume":"19","author":"G Mouillet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mouillet, G. et al. Open-label, randomized multicentre phase II study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib by dose administration regimen (dose modification or dose interruptions) in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: study protocol of the SURF trial. Trials 19, 221 (2018).","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"4067_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00274-1","volume":"23","author":"C Antoniotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antoniotti, C. et al. Upfront FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab with or without atezolizumab in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (AtezoTRIBE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 23, 876\u2013887 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"4067_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.12.012","volume":"163","author":"GP Sonpavde","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sonpavde, G. P. et al. Primary results of STRONG: an open-label, multicenter, phase 3b study of fixed-dose durvalumab monotherapy in previously treated patients with urinary tract carcinoma. Eur. J. Cancer 163, 55\u201365 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"4067_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0680","volume":"14","author":"TK Choueiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choueiri, T. K. et al. Integrative analyses of tumor and peripheral biomarkers in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Discov. 14, 406\u2013423 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"4067_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9473(98)00096-6","volume":"30","author":"C Contal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Contal, C. & O\u2019Quigley, J. An application of changepoint methods in studying the effect of age on survival in breast cancer. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 30, 253\u2013270 (1999).","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."},{"key":"4067_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1198\/016214507000000149","volume":"102","author":"H Uno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uno, H., Cai, T., Tian, L. & Wei, L. J. Evaluating prediction rules for t-year survivors with censored regression models. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 102, 527\u2013537 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"4067_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01688-w","volume":"41","author":"A Blanco-M\u00edguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blanco-M\u00edguez, A. et al. Extending and improving metagenomic taxonomic profiling with uncharacterized species using MetaPhlAn 4. Nat. Biotechnol. 41, 1633\u20131644 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"4067_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","volume":"27","author":"CE Shannon","year":"1948","unstructured":"Shannon, C. E. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27, 379\u2013423 (1948).","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"4067_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.5-2, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.vegan (2018).","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.vegan"}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04067-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04067-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04067-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T18:03:33Z","timestamp":1771783413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04067-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-04067-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"C.A.C.S. reports speaker honoraria fees from Ipsen, AstraZeneca and Bristol Myers-Squibb. L.A. received advisory, consulting or honoraria fees (all paid to their institution) from AMGEN, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Daiichi, EISAI, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Telix and Xencor. L.A. also received travel and accommodations expenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, IPSEN, MSD and Pfizer. T.K.C. reports institutional and\/or personal, paid and\/or unpaid support for research, advisory boards, consultancy and\/or honoraria in the past 5 years, ongoing or not, from Alkermes, Arcus Bio, AstraZeneca, Aravive, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bicycle Therapeutics, Calithera, Caris, Circle Pharma, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, HiberCell, IQVA, Infinity, Institut Servier, Ipsen, Jansen, Kanaph, Lilly, Merck, Nikang, Neomorph, Nuscan\/PrecedeBio, Novartis, Oncohost, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi\/Aventis, Scholar Rock, Surface Oncology, Takeda, Tempest, Up-To-Date, CME and non-CME events (Mashup Media Peerview, OncLive, MJH, CCO and others), and Xencor, outside the submitted work. Institutional patents have been filed on molecular alterations and immunotherapy response\/toxicity, rare genitourinary cancers and ctDNA\/liquid biopsies. Equity holdings include Tempest, Pionyr, Osel, PrecedeBio, CureResponse, InnDura Therapeutics, Primium, Abalytics and Faron Pharma. Committee involvement includes NCCN, GU Steering Committee, ASCO (BOD 6\/2024-), ESMO, ACCRU and KidneyCan. Medical writing and editorial assistance support may have been funded by communications companies in part. T.K.C. has no speaker\u2019s bureau activities. T.K.C. has mentored several non-US citizens on research projects with potential funding (in part) from non-US sources\/Foreign Components. The institution (Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute) may have received additional independent funding from drug companies or\/and royalties potentially involved in research around the subject matter. T.K.C. is supported in part by the Dana\u2013Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center Kidney SPORE (2P50CA101942-16) and Program 5P30CA006516-56, the Kohlberg Chair at Harvard Medical School and the Trust Family, Michael Brigham, Pan Mass Challenge, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Fund and Loker Pinard Funds for Kidney Cancer Research at DFCI. A.T.V. has received payment to their institution linked to the SURF clinical trial from Pfizer; has received a research grant for their institution from Pfizer, Bayer and Ipsen; has received consulting fees, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers\u2019 bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events and support for attending meetings and\/or travel from Roche, MSD, JNJ, BMS, Astellas, Ipsen, Astrazeneca and Novartis; has participated on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for DSMB (BIONIKK trial); has been a BMS employee since 2023 and has BMS stocks; and is a member of the steering committee of the French GETUG academic group. E.S. received research funding from Roche\/Genentech and Oncohost. R.F. reports research funding from Bayer and honoraria fees from Astellas, Bayer, Johnson and Johnson, Ipsen, Eisai, Pfizer, MSD and Merck Serono. W.X. reports consulting or advisory roles with PCCTC. C.S. reports speaker honoraria and advisory board fees from Eisai. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}