{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:38:30Z","timestamp":1793313510647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Blood biomarkers have emerged as accurate tools for detecting Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) pathology, offering a minimally invasive alternative to traditional diagnostic methods such as imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Yet, the logistics surrounding venipuncture for blood collection, although considerably simpler than the acquisition of imaging and CSF, require precise processing and storage specific to AD biomarkers that are still guided by medical personnel. Consequently, limitations in their widescale use in research and broader clinical implementation exist. The DROP-AD project investigates the potential of dried plasma spot (DPS) and dried blood spot (DBS) analysis, derived from capillary blood, for detecting AD biomarkers, including phosphorylated tau at amino acid 217 (p-tau217), glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light. Here, 337 participants from 7 centers were included, with 304 participants providing paired capillary DPS or DBS and venous plasma samples. We observed strong correlations between DPS p-tau217 and venous plasma p-tau217 (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.74,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). DPS p-tau217 progressively increased with increasing disease severity, and showed good accuracy in predicting CSF biomarker positivity (area under the curve\u2009=\u20090.864). Similarly, we demonstrated the successful detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light with strong correlations between DBS and DPS, respectively, using paired venous plasma samples. Notably, the method was also effective in individuals with Down syndrome, a population at high genetic risk for AD but in whom standard blood sampling by venipuncture may be more complicated, revealing elevated biomarkers in those with dementia compared with asymptomatic individuals. The study also explored unsupervised blood collection, finding high concordance between supervised and self-collected samples. These findings underscore the potential of dried blood collection and capillary blood as a minimally invasive, scalable approach for AD biomarker testing in research settings. Yet, further refinement of collection and analytical protocols is needed to fully translate this approach to be viable and useful as a clinical tool.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04080-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:02:29Z","timestamp":1767628949000},"page":"599-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A minimally invasive dried blood spot biomarker test for the detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3080-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7684-6318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laia","family":"Montoliu-Gaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9777-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wagner S.","family":"Brum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"V\u00e1vra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Yakoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Weninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Sophie","family":"Braun-Wohlfahrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Simr\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merc\u00e9","family":"Boada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2633-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"Ca\u00f1ada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Tantinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Belen","family":"Nogales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Sanz-Cartagena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5168-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Skoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Millie","family":"Sander-Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-5632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clive","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7374-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederikke Kragh","family":"Clemmensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah H. 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J.S. has received speaker honoraria from Roche Diagnostics. C.B. has received consulting fees from Acadia pharmaceutical company, AARP, Addex pharmaceutical company, Eli Lily, Enterin pharmaceutical company, GWPharm, H.Lundbeck pharmaceutical company, Novartis pharmaceutical company, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson and Johnson pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk pharmaceutical company, Orion Corp. pharmaceutical company, Otsuka America Pharm Inc., Sunovion Pharm. Inc., Suven pharmaceutical company, Roche pharmaceutical company, Biogen pharmaceutical company, Synexus clinical research organization and tauX pharmaceutical company, and research funding from Synexus clinical research organization, Roche pharmaceutical company, Novo Nordisk pharmaceutical company and Novartis pharmaceutical company. D. Alcolea participated in advisory boards from Fujirebio-Europe, Roche Diagnostics, Grifols S.A. and Lilly, and received speaker honoraria from Fujirebio-Europe, Roche Diagnostics, Nutricia, Krka Farmac\u00e9utica S.L., Zambon S.A.U., Neuraxpharm, Alter Medica, Lilly and Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A. D.A. and A.L. declare a filed patent application (WO2019175379 A1 markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease). A.L. has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for Almirall, Beckman-Coulter, Fujirebio-Europe, Roche, Biogen, Grifols, Novartis, Eisai, Lilly, and Nutricia. M.C.I. reported receiving personal fees for service on the advisory boards, speaker honoraria or educational activities from Esteve, Lilly, Adium Pharma, Neuraxpharm and Roche. E.S. has acquired research support (for the institution) from C2N Diagnostics, Fujirebio, GE Healthcare and Roche Diagnostics. S.P. has acquired research support (for the institution) from Avid and ki elements through ADDF. In the past 2\u2009years, he has received consultancy and\/or speaker fees from BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Roche. S.K. has served at scientific advisory boards, speaker and\/or as consultant for Roche, Eli-Lilly, Geras Solutions, Optoceutics, Biogen, Eisai, Merry Life, Triolab, Novo Nordisk and BioArctic, unrelated to present study content. A.C. has received consultancy funding from Novartis, Addex, Acadia, Suven and J&J pharmaceutical companies and grant funding from Novo Nordisk, ReMYND and TheriniBio pharmaceutical companies. J.F. reported serving on the advisory boards, adjudication committees, or speaker honoraria from AC Immune, Adamed, Alzheon, Biogen, Eisai, Esteve, Fujirebio, Ionis, Laboratorios Carnot, Life Molecular Imaging, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novo Nordisk, Perha, Roche, Zamb\u00f3n, Spanish Neurological Society, T21 Research Society, Lumind foundation, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune Foundation, Alzheimer\u2019s Association, National Institutes of Health USA, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III. J.F. reports holding a patent for markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease (licensed to ADx, EPI8382175.0). No other competing interests were reported. A.H.S. has received a one-time consulting fee, paid to the institution from Eisai\u2013BioArctic (2025). K.B. has served as a consultant and at advisory boards for Abbvie, AC Immune, ALZpath, AriBio, Beckman-Coulter, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Neurimmune, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Quanterix, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. H.Z. has served at scientific advisory boards and\/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics and Wave; has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche and WebMD; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). N.J.A. has received consultancy and\/or speaker fees from Alamar Biosciences, BioArctic, Biogen, Eli-Lilly, Neurogen Biomarking, Roche, Spear Bio, Quanterix and Vigil Neurosciences. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}