{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T13:00:56Z","timestamp":1793883656751,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012273","name":"Lotte and John Hecht Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-MR_2022_4884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-MR_2022_4884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04183-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:06:22Z","timestamp":1769594782000},"page":"1325-1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Fecal microbiota transplantation plus immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the phase 1 PERFORM trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0728-8574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnam","family":"Jabbarizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Rajeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6179-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan M Y","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Baines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Winquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anorin Shadi","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0543-564X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Penny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Figueredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6738-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema Nair","family":"Parvathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Lenehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devanand M.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Maleki Vareki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4183_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","volume":"378","author":"RJ Motzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Motzer, R. J. et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 378, 1277\u20131290 (2018).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.08.011","volume":"38","author":"JG Cheaib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheaib, J. G. et al. Stage-specific conditional survival in renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy. Urol. Oncol. 38, 6 e1\u20136 e7 (2020).","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"4183_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0218-0","volume":"16","author":"F Martins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martins, F. et al. Adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: epidemiology, management and surveillance. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 16, 563\u2013580 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4183_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2024.102787","volume":"129","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. The incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and their association with clinical outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat. Rev. 129, 102787 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"4183_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105427","volume":"109","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Gut microbiome metabolites, molecular mimicry, and species-level variation drive long-term efficacy and adverse event outcomes in lung cancer survivors. EBioMedicine 109, 105427 (2024).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"4183_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01695-5","volume":"28","author":"KA Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, K. A. et al. Cross-cohort gut microbiome associations with immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced melanoma. Nat. Med. 28, 535\u2013544 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02823-z","volume":"30","author":"A Gunjur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunjur, A. et al. A gut microbial signature for combination immune checkpoint blockade across cancer types. Nat. Med. 30, 797\u2013809 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkrief, A. et al. The gut microbiome as a target in cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges for drug development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 24, 685\u2212704 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01211-7"},{"key":"4183_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153563","volume":"14","author":"A Aghamajidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aghamajidi, A. & Maleki Vareki, S. The effect of the gut microbiota on systemic and anti-tumor immunity and response to systemic therapy against cancer. Cancers (Basel) 14, 3563 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"4183_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101487","volume":"5","author":"Y Yousefi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yousefi, Y., Baines, K. J. & Maleki Vareki, S. Microbiome bacterial influencers of host immunity and response to immunotherapy. Cell Rep. Med. 5, 101487 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01698-2","volume":"28","author":"JA McCulloch","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCulloch, J. A. et al. Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Nat. Med. 28, 545\u2013556 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20232079","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20232079","volume":"222","author":"J Shang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shang, J. et al. Baseline colitogenicity and acute perturbations of gut microbiota in immunotherapy-related colitis. J. Exp. Med. 222, e20232079 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10391","volume":"7","author":"K Dubin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dubin, K. et al. Intestinal microbiome analyses identify melanoma patients at risk for checkpoint-blockade-induced colitis. Nat. Commun. 7, 10391 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"4183_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5920","volume":"371","author":"EN Baruch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baruch, E. N. et al. Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients. Science 371, 602\u2013609 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4183_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","volume":"371","author":"D Davar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davar, D. et al. Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients. Science 371, 595\u2013602 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4183_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01694-6","volume":"28","author":"N Dizman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dizman, N. et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial. Nat. Med. 28, 704\u2013712 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18127-y","volume":"11","author":"G Ianiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ianiro, G. et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 11, 4333 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"4183_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq4006","volume":"15","author":"TM Halsey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Halsey, T. M. et al. Microbiome alteration via fecal microbiota transplantation is effective for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis. Sci. Transl. Med. 15, eabq4006 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0498","volume":"12","author":"A Elkrief","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elkrief, A. et al. Immune-related colitis is associated with fecal microbial dysbiosis and can be mitigated by fecal microbiota transplantation. Cancer Immunol. Res. 12, 308\u2013321 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"4183_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03086-4","volume":"30","author":"H Ebrahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, H. et al. Cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial. Nat. Med. 30, 2576\u20132585 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5794","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.4809","volume":"27","author":"DY Heng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heng, D. Y. et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 5794\u20135799 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"4183_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324593","volume":"70","author":"SN Parvathy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parvathy, S. N. et al. Enhanced donor screening for faecal microbial transplantation during COVID-19. Gut 70, 2219\u20132220 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4183_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000661","volume":"115","author":"L Craven","year":"2020","unstructured":"Craven, L. et al. Allogenic fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease improves abnormal small intestinal permeability: a randomized control trial. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 115, 1055\u20131065 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"4183_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","volume":"45","author":"EA Eisenhauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer, E. A. et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur. J. Cancer 45, 228\u2013247 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"4183_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-021-01197-6","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. F. prausnitzii and its supernatant increase SCFAs-producing bacteria to restore gut dysbiosis in TNBS-induced colitis. AMB Express 11, 33 (2021).","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"4183_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00275-2","volume":"8","author":"SA Shetty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shetty, S. A. et al. Inter-species metabolic interactions in an in-vitro minimal human gut microbiome of core bacteria. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 8, 21 (2022).","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"4183_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13658","volume":"19","author":"U Gophna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gophna, U., Konikoff, T. & Nielsen, H. B. Oscillospira and related bacteria\u2014from metagenomic species to metabolic features. Environ. Microbiol. 19, 835\u2013841 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"4183_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickols, W. A. et al. MaAsLin 3: refining and extending generalized multivariable linear models for meta-omic association discovery. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.12.13.628459 (2024).","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.13.628459"},{"key":"4183_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02453-x","volume":"29","author":"B Routy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Routy, B. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a phase I trial. Nat. Med. 29, 2121\u20132132 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202500295R","volume":"39","author":"N Shaheen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shaheen, N., Miao, J., Xia, B., Zhao, Y. & Zhao, J. Multifaceted role of microbiota-derived indole-3-acetic acid in human diseases and its potential clinical application. FASEB J. 39, e70574 (2025).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"4183_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030848","volume":"12","author":"M Holecek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holecek, M. Histidine in health and disease: metabolism, physiological importance, and use as a supplement. Nutrients 12, 848 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4183_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11134-6","volume":"52","author":"M Balcerowska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Balcerowska, M. & Kwasnik, P. The multifaceted impact of stress on immune function. Mol. Biol. Rep. 52, 1008 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"4183_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt2117","volume":"11","author":"I Sarkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarkar, I. et al. CD38-mediated metabolic reprogramming promotes the stability and suppressive function of regulatory T cells in tumor. Sci. Adv. 11, eadt2117 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"4183_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.03.006","volume":"11","author":"L Martinet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martinet, L. et al. DNAM-1 expression marks an alternative program of NK cell maturation. Cell Rep. 11, 85\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"4183_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040860","volume":"13","author":"A Paderi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paderi, A. et al. Association between immune related adverse events and outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 13, 860 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"4183_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102134","volume":"92","author":"S Hussaini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussaini, S. et al. Association between immune-related side effects and efficacy and benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat. Rev. 92, 102134 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"4183_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0605","volume":"83","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abrogates intestinal toxicity and promotes tumor immunity to increase the efficacy of dual CTLA4 and PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Cancer Res. 83, 3710\u20133725 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"4183_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2024.2374954","volume":"13","author":"M Bredon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bredon, M. et al. Faecalibaterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 13, 2374954 (2024).","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"4183_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.97","volume":"45","author":"BS Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park, B. S. & Lee, J. O. Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes. Exp. Mol. Med. 45, e66 (2013).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","volume":"30","author":"D Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng, D., Liwinski, T. & Elinav, E. Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease. Cell Res. 30, 492\u2013506 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"4183_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.12.1388","volume":"165","author":"J Durga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Durga, J., van Tits, L. J., Schouten, E. G., Kok, F. J. & Verhoef, P. Effect of lowering of homocysteine levels on inflammatory markers: a randomized controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 1388\u20131394 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02125-7","volume":"29","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Homocysteine aggravates intestinal inflammation through promotion of 5-LOX and COX-2 in IBD. Eur. J. Med. Res. 29, 537 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"4183_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081325","volume":"17","author":"D Agostini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agostini, D. et al. Homocysteine, nutrition, and gut microbiota: a comprehensive review of current evidence and insights. Nutrients 17, 1325 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4183_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.add1591","volume":"8","author":"R Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, R. et al. Clonally expanded CD38hi cytotoxic CD8 T cells define the T cell infiltrate in checkpoint inhibitor-associated arthritis. Sci. Immunol. 8, eadd1591 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"4183_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008056.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008056","volume":"12","author":"M Kovacsovics-Bankowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kovacsovics-Bankowski, M. et al. Lower frequencies of circulating suppressive regulatory T cells and higher frequencies of CD4+ naive T cells at baseline are associated with severe immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated melanoma. J. Immunother. Cancer 12, e008056. (2024).","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"4183_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2315989121","volume":"121","author":"A Kar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kar, A. et al. CD38\u2212RyR2 axis-mediated signaling impedes CD8+ T cell response to anti-PD1 therapy in cancer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 121, e2315989121 (2024).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4183_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170277","volume":"216","author":"M Rapp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rapp, M. et al. CCL22 controls immunity by promoting regulatory T cell communication with dendritic cells in lymph nodes. J. Exp. Med. 216, 1170\u20131181 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"4183_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s44276-024-00057-7","volume":"2","author":"Z Quandt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quandt, Z. et al. Phase II trial of pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, and aspirin in melanoma: clinical outcomes and translational predictors of response. BJC Rep. 2, 46 (2024).","journal-title":"BJC Rep."},{"key":"4183_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.840313","volume":"13","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Interleukin-10 Is a promising marker for immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy. Front. Immunol. 13, 840313 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"4183_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316772","volume":"69","author":"L Schleier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schleier, L. et al. Non-classical monocyte homing to the gut via \u03b14\u03b27 integrin mediates macrophage-dependent intestinal wound healing. Gut 69, 252\u2013263 (2020).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4183_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1622094","volume":"16","author":"L Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu, L. et al. Sphingosine-1-phosphate alleviates colitis by regulating macrophage polarization and PI3k-Akt signaling. Front. Immunol. 16, 1622094 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"4183_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duttagupta, S. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation plus immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma: the phase 2 FMT-LUMINate trial. Nat. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-04186-5 (2026).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04186-5"},{"key":"4183_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17077","volume":"318","author":"D Kao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kao, D. et al. Effect of oral capsule- vs colonoscopy-delivered fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318, 1985\u20131993 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4183_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2019.05.009","volume":"112","author":"A Freites-Martinez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freites-Martinez, A., Santana, N., Arias-Santiago, S. & Viera, A. Using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE - version 5.0) to evaluate the severity of adverse events of anticancer therapies. Actas Dermosifiliogr. (Engl. Ed.) 112, 90\u201392 (2021).","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr. (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"4183_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M. & Usadel, B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30, 2114\u20132120 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4183_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","volume":"9","author":"B Langmead","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langmead, B. & Salzberg, S. L. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat. Methods 9, 357\u2013359 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"4183_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01688-w","volume":"41","author":"A Blanco-Miguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blanco-Miguez, A. et al. Extending and improving metagenomic taxonomic profiling with uncharacterized species using MetaPhlAn 4. Nat. Biotechnol. 41, 1633\u20131644 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"4183_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65088","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65088","volume":"10","author":"F Beghini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beghini, F. et al. Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain-level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3. eLife 10, e65088 (2021).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"4183_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01101-x","volume":"18","author":"B Buchfink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buchfink, B., Reuter, K. & Drost, H. G. Sensitive protein alignments at tree-of-life scale using DIAMOND. Nat. Methods 18, 366\u2013368 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"4183_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu130","volume":"30","author":"FE Angly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Angly, F. E., Fields, C. J. & Tyson, G. W. The Bio-Community Perl toolkit for microbial ecology. Bioinformatics 30, 1926\u20131927 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4183_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"btae707","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btae707","volume":"40","author":"A Khleborodova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khleborodova, A. et al. lefser: implementation of metagenomic biomarker discovery tool, LEfSe, in R. Bioinformatics 40, btae707 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4183_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.216242.116","volume":"27","author":"DT Truong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Truong, D. T., Tett, A., Pasolli, E., Huttenhower, C. & Segata, N. Microbial strain-level population structure and genetic diversity from metagenomes. Genome Res. 27, 626\u2013638 (2017).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"4183_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341791","volume":"1279","author":"TS McMillen","year":"2023","unstructured":"McMillen, T. S. et al. A large-scale, targeted metabolomics method for the analysis and quantification of metabolites in human plasma via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 1279, 341791 (2023).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"4183_CR64","unstructured":"Kassambara, A., Kosinski, M. & Biecek, P. survminer: drawing survival curves using \u2018ggplot2\u2019. R package version 0.5.1. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/survminer\/survminer.pdf (2025)."},{"key":"4183_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01406-6","volume":"27","author":"MC Andrews","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andrews, M. C. et al. Gut microbiota signatures are associated with toxicity to combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. Nat. Med. 27, 1432\u20131441 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04183-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04183-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04183-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:02:09Z","timestamp":1776780129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-025-04183-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-04183-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.M.V., M.S.S., S.N.P. and B.J. are co-founders of LND Therapeutics Inc., which holds the rights to LND101. S.M.V. and M.S.S. report US Patent application no. 63\/913,940 related to FMT donor screening. S.M.V. reports a grant from Microviable Therapeutics outside the submitted work as well as consulting fees from Kanvas Biosciences and FedBio. R.F. has the following disclosures: advisory board or honoraria: Merck, Ipsen, Eisai, EMD Serono, Astellas, Novartis, Janssen, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb and Bayer; travel grant: Janssen. E.W. declares research grants from Lilly, Novartis and Merck; consulting fees from Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, EMD, Serono, Merck and Roche; and honoraria from EMD Serono. E.W. also declares travel support from Eisai. M.S.S. has served on the advisory board of Ferring Pharmaceuticals. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}