{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:09:57Z","timestamp":1792858197767,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62502206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62502206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2525004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2525004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82388101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82388101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"SJTU | School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20250412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Municipal Talent Work Bureau"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04545-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:02:31Z","timestamp":1784883751000},"page":"3214-3223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["AI-based clinician decision support system for diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases: a multicenter, randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huixun","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8378-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieqiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changle","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8607-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0132-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiliu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingge","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7508-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6112-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8046-3085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Ho","family":"Byeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Smedowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Swierczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6465-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler Hyungtaek","family":"Rim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8510-2556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5015-0945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101244","volume":"100","author":"M Georgiou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Georgiou, M. et al. Phenotyping and genotyping inherited retinal diseases: molecular genetics, clinical and imaging features, and therapeutics of macular dystrophies, cone and cone-rod dystrophies, rod-cone dystrophies, Leber congenital amaurosis, and cone dysfunction syndromes. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 100, 101244 (2024).","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"4545_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13467","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113467","volume":"23","author":"T Ben-Yosef","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ben-Yosef, T. Inherited retinal diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 13467 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"4545_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101029","volume":"89","author":"N Schneider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schneider, N. et al. Inherited retinal diseases: linking genes, disease-causing variants, and relevant therapeutic modalities. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 89, 101029 (2022).","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"4545_CR4","unstructured":"Sullivan, L. S. & Daiger, S. P. RetNet: Retinal Information Network. https:\/\/retnet.org\/"},{"key":"4545_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.12.027","volume":"249","author":"AC Britten-Jones","year":"2023","unstructured":"Britten-Jones, A. C. et al. The diagnostic yield of next generation sequencing in inherited retinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 249, 57\u201373 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4545_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1663","volume":"9","author":"LHN Sheck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheck, L. H. N. et al. Panel-based genetic testing for inherited retinal disease screening 176 genes. Mol. Genet. Genomic Med. 9, e1663 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomic Med."},{"key":"4545_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e071043","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071043","volume":"13","author":"Q Nguyen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen, Q. et al. Can artificial intelligence accelerate the diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases? Protocol for a data-only retrospective cohort study (Eye2Gene). BMJ Open 13, e071043 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4545_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-327074","volume":"109","author":"W Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong, W. et al. Inherited retinal disease pathway in the UK: a patient perspective and the potential of AI. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 109, 1266\u20131271 (2025).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4545_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309915","volume":"390","author":"EA Pierce","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pierce, E. A. et al. Gene editing for CEP290-associated retinal degeneration. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 1972\u20131984 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100975","volume":"86","author":"C Botto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Botto, C. et al. Early and late stage gene therapy interventions for inherited retinal degenerations. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 86, 100975 (2022).","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"4545_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2210104119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2210104119","volume":"119","author":"S Suh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suh, S., Choi, E. H., Raguram, A., Liu, D. R. & Palczewski, K. Precision genome editing in the eye. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2210104119 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4545_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216","volume":"316","author":"V Gulshan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gulshan, V. et al. Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs. JAMA 316, 2402\u20132410 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4545_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18152","volume":"318","author":"DSW Ting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ting, D. S. W. et al. Development and validation of a deep learning system for diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases using retinal images from multiethnic populations with diabetes. JAMA 318, 2211\u20132223 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4545_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02702-z","volume":"30","author":"L Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai, L. et al. A deep learning system for predicting time to progression of diabetic retinopathy. Nat. Med. 30, 584\u2013594 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landig.2025.02.008","volume":"7","author":"Z Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng, Z. et al. Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study. Lancet Digit. Health 7, 100868 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"4545_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-318544","volume":"105","author":"Y Fujinami-Yokokawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujinami-Yokokawa, Y. et al. Prediction of causative genes in inherited retinal disorder from fundus photography and autofluorescence imaging using deep learning techniques. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 105, 1272\u20131279 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4545_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691064","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1691064","volume":"2019","author":"Y Fujinami-Yokokawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujinami-Yokokawa, Y. et al. Prediction of causative genes in inherited retinal disorders from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography utilizing deep learning techniques. J. Ophthalmol. 2019, 1691064 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4545_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e715","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14353","volume":"98","author":"M Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah, M., Roomans Ledo, A. & Rittscher, J. Automated classification of normal and Stargardt disease optical coherence tomography images using deep learning. Acta Ophthalmol. 98, e715\u2013e721 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4545_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5742","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245742","volume":"10","author":"A Miere","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miere, A. et al. Deep learning to distinguish ABCA4-related Stargardt disease from PRPH2-related pseudo-Stargardt pattern dystrophy. J. Clin. Med. 10, 5742 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01040-8","volume":"7","author":"N Pontikos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pontikos, N. et al. Next-generation phenotyping of inherited retinal diseases from multimodal imaging with Eye2Gene. Nat. Mach. Intell. 7, 967\u2013978 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4545_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035790","volume":"385","author":"100,000 Genomes Project Pilot Investigators et al.","year":"2021","unstructured":"100,000 Genomes Project Pilot Investigators et al. 100,000 Genomes pilot on rare-disease diagnosis in health care\u2014preliminary report. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1868\u20131880 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR22","first-page":"107","volume":"14","author":"MP Conway","year":"2024","unstructured":"Conway, M. P. et al. The role of the ophthalmic genetics multidisciplinary team in the management of inherited retinal degenerations\u2014a case-based review. Life (Basel) 14, 107 (2024).","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"4545_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.5.10","volume":"5","author":"MA Parker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parker, M. A. et al. Test\u2013retest variability of functional and structural parameters in patients with Stargardt disease participating in the SAR422459 gene therapy trial. Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 5, 10 (2016).","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"4545_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720662115","volume":"115","author":"KE Guziewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guziewicz, K. E. et al. BEST1 gene therapy corrects a diffuse retina-wide microdetachment modulated by light exposure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E2839\u2013E2848 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4545_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315086","volume":"104","author":"N Rahman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahman, N., Georgiou, M., Khan, K. N. & Michaelides, M. Macular dystrophies: clinical and imaging features, molecular genetics and therapeutic options. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 104, 451\u2013460 (2020).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"4545_CR26","unstructured":"A preliminary assessment of the potential impact of rare diseases on the NHS. https:\/\/imperialcollegehealthpartners.com\/a-preliminary-assessment-of-the-potential-impact-of-rare-diseases-on-the-nhs\/ (Imperial College Health Partners, 2018)."},{"key":"4545_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00029-2","volume":"4","author":"S Reddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reddy, S. Explainability and artificial intelligence in medicine. Lancet Digit. Health 4, e214\u2013e215 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"4545_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01461-z","volume":"27","author":"S Kundu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kundu, S. AI in medicine must be explainable. Nat. Med. 27, 1328 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8737","volume":"323","author":"AN Desai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desai, A. N. Artificial intelligence: promise, pitfalls, and perspective. JAMA 323, 2448\u20132449 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4545_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103303","volume":"9","author":"A Miere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miere, A. et al. Deep learning-based classification of inherited retinal diseases using fundus autofluorescence. J. Clin. Med. 9, 3303 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06555-x","volume":"622","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. A foundation model for generalizable disease detection from retinal images. Nature 622, 156\u2013163 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4545_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02887-x","volume":"30","author":"C Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, C. et al. Transparent medical image AI via an image-text foundation model grounded in medical literature. Nat. Med. 30, 1154\u20131165 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01166-w","volume":"7","author":"LL Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, L. L. et al. A multi-center study on the adaptability of a shared foundation model for electronic health records. NPJ Digit. Med. 7, 171 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60577-9","volume":"16","author":"M Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in rare and common fundus diseases with a knowledge-rich vision-language model. Nat. Commun. 16, 5528 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"4545_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00047-5","volume":"6","author":"R Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han, R. et al. Randomised controlled trials evaluating artificial intelligence in clinical practice: a scoping review. Lancet Digit. Health 6, e367\u2013e373 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"4545_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1039","volume":"323","author":"DC Angus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Angus, D. C. Randomized clinical trials of artificial intelligence. JAMA 323, 1043\u20131045 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4545_CR37","first-page":"1609","volume":"13","author":"ND Lawrence","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lawrence, N. D. A unifying probabilistic perspective for spectral dimensionality reduction: insights and new models. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 13, 1609\u20131638 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"4545_CR38","unstructured":"Consultation on development of standards for characterization of vision loss and visual functioning: Geneva, 4\u20135 September 2003. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/68601 (World Health Organization, 2003)."},{"key":"4545_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01772-9","volume":"28","author":"B Vasey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vasey, B. et al. Reporting guideline for the early-stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI. Nat. Med. 28, 924\u2013933 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4545_CR40","unstructured":"Sun, X. An Al-based clinician-decision support system for inherited retinal diseases: a multicenter clinical validation trial. Zenodo. https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/20489924 (2026)."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04545-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04545-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04545-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:02:42Z","timestamp":1789480962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04545-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["4545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-026-04545-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"T.Y.W. is a consultant for 4MDT, Aldropika Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carl Zeiss, Plano, Quaerite Biopharm Research Ltd., Roche and Shanghai Henlius. He is an inventor, holds patents and is a co-founder of the start-up company EyRiS, which has interests in, and develops digital solutions for, eye diseases. X.S. is a consultant for Alcon, Allergan, Bayer Healthcare, Carl Zeiss, Innovent Biologics and Roche. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}