{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:59:15Z","timestamp":1790762355658,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04705-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:02:34Z","timestamp":1790758954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic adenovirus with chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a randomized phase 2b trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-397X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocio","family":"Garcia-Carbonero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Pazo Cid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Macarulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Laquente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Guill\u00e9n-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireya","family":"Cazorla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Seery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Lobo de Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4048-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Nevala-Plagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Mart\u00ednez de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hojouj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Mato-Berciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Kaleko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Wacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Shallcross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Cascallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3765-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4705_CR1","first-page":"10","volume":"75","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siegel, R. L., Kratzer, T. B., Giaquinto, A. N., Sung, H. & Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2025. CA Cancer J. Clin. 75, 10\u201345 (2025).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"4705_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011923","volume":"364","author":"T Conroy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conroy, T. et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 1817\u20131825 (2011).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304369","volume":"369","author":"DD Von Hoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Von Hoff, D. D. et al. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 1691\u20131703 (2013).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13027","volume":"326","author":"W Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, W., Chawla, A. & O\u2019Reilly, E. M. Pancreatic cancer: a review. JAMA 326, 851\u2013862 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4705_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181eec14c","volume":"33","author":"RE Royal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Royal, R. E. et al. Phase 2 trial of single agent ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J. Immunother. 33, 828\u2013833 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"4705_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1713444","volume":"377","author":"M Yarchoan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yarchoan, M., Hopkins, A. & Jaffee, E. M. Tumor mutational burden and response rate to PD-1 inhibition. N. Engl. J. Med. 377, 2500\u20132501 (2017).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.038","volume":"156","author":"VP Balachandran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balachandran, V. P., Beatty, G. L. & Dougan, S. K. Broadening the impact of immunotherapy to pancreatic cancer: challenges and opportunities. Gastroenterology 156, 2056\u20132072 (2019).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4705_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00207-8","volume":"8","author":"M Hilmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hilmi, M. et al. The immunological landscape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8, 1129\u20131142 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"4705_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02134-6","volume":"26","author":"M Shakiba","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shakiba, M. & Tuveson, D. A. Macrophages and fibroblasts as regulators of the immune response in pancreatic cancer. Nat. Immunol. 26, 678\u2013691 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"4705_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2213","volume":"21","author":"A Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, A. et al. Safety and efficacy of VCN-01, an oncolytic adenovirus combining fiber HSG-binding domain replacement with RGD and hyaluronidase expression. Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 1406\u20131418 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"4705_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.173","volume":"18","author":"JJ Rojas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rojas, J. J. et al. Minimal RB-responsive E1A promoter modification to attain potency, selectivity, and transgene-arming capacity in oncolytic adenoviruses. Mol. Ther. 18, 1960\u20131971 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"4705_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.038","volume":"20","author":"N Bayo-Puxan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bayo-Puxan, N. et al. Replacement of adenovirus type 5 fiber shaft heparan sulfate proteoglycan-binding domain with RGD for improved tumor infectivity and targeting. Hum. Gene Ther. 20, 1214\u20131221 (2009).","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"4705_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.106","volume":"19","author":"JJ Rojas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rojas, J. J., Gimenez-Alejandre, M., Gil-Hoyos, R., Cascallo, M. & Alemany, R. Improved systemic antitumor therapy with oncolytic adenoviruses by replacing the fiber shaft HSG-binding domain with RGD. Gene Ther. 19, 453\u2013457 (2012).","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"4705_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.79","volume":"18","author":"S Guedan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guedan, S. et al. Hyaluronidase expression by an oncolytic adenovirus enhances its intratumoral spread and suppresses tumor growth. Mol. Ther. 18, 1275\u20131283 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"4705_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003254","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003254","volume":"9","author":"M Bazan-Peregrino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bazan-Peregrino, M. et al. VCN-01 disrupts pancreatic cancer stroma and exerts antitumor effects. J. Immunother. Cancer 9, e003254 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"4705_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003255","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003255","volume":"10","author":"R Garcia-Carbonero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia-Carbonero, R. et al. Phase I, multicenter, open-label study of intravenous VCN-01 oncolytic adenovirus with or without nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. J. Immunother. Cancer 10, e003255 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"4705_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01366-1","volume":"402","author":"ZA Wainberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wainberg, Z. A. et al. NALIRIFOX versus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in treatment-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (NAPOLI 3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 402, 1272\u20131281 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4705_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2323","volume":"18","author":"A Ribas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ribas, A. et al. New challenges in endpoints for drug development in advanced melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 18, 336\u2013341 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"4705_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","volume":"363","author":"FS Hodi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hodi, F. S. et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 711\u2013723 (2010).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030","volume":"373","author":"J Larkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Larkin, J. et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 23\u201334 (2015).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503093","volume":"372","author":"C Robert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robert, C. et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 2521\u20132532 (2015).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606774","volume":"375","author":"M Reck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reck, M. et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 375, 1823\u20131833 (2016).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.07.727","volume":"35","author":"NM Tannir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tannir, N. M. et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended 8-year follow-up results of efficacy and safety from the phase III CheckMate 214 trial. Ann. Oncol. 35, 1026\u20131038 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4705_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.11.012","volume":"36","author":"T Andr\u00e9","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9, T. et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: 5-year follow-up from the randomized phase III KEYNOTE-177 study. Ann. Oncol. 36, 277\u2013284 (2025).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"4705_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.4345","volume":"2","author":"MD Hellmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hellmann, M. D., Kris, M. G. & Rudin, C. M. Medians and milestones in describing the path to cancer cures: telling \u2018tails\u2019. JAMA Oncol. 2, 167\u2013168 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"4705_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00453","volume":"9","author":"V Damuzzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damuzzo, V. et al. Analysis of survival curves: statistical methods accounting for the presence of long-term survivors. Front. Oncol. 9, 453 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"4705_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000683","volume":"29","author":"JJ Waninger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waninger, J. J., Ma, V. T., Chopra, Z., Pearson, A. N. & Green, M. D. Evaluation of the prognostic role of liver metastases on patient outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer J. 29, 279\u2013284 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"4705_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1131-x","volume":"27","author":"J Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Liver metastasis restrains immunotherapy efficacy via macrophage-mediated T cell elimination. Nat. Med. 27, 152\u2013164 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7412","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1624","volume":"15","author":"JD Wolchok","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolchok, J. D. et al. Guidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: immune-related response criteria. Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 7412\u20137420 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"4705_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01734-x","volume":"18","author":"L Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, L., Zhu, H. & Shi, Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphoma in the past 26 years (2000\u20132025). J. Hematol. Oncol. 18, 107 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"4705_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114295","volume":"210","author":"GC Lodde","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lodde, G. C. et al. Early versus late response to PD-1-based immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma. Eur. J. Cancer 210, 114295 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"4705_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6009","DOI":"10.3390\/v7112923","volume":"7","author":"H Uusi-Kerttula","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uusi-Kerttula, H., Hulin-Curtis, S., Davies, J. & Parker, A. L. Oncolytic adenovirus: strategies and insights for vector design and immuno-oncolytic applications. Viruses 7, 6009\u20136042 (2015).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"4705_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-26-0601","volume":"32","author":"M Jove","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jove, M. et al. Phase I trial of intravenous VCN-01 oncolytic adenovirus and durvalumab in patients with head and neck metastatic squamous cell carcinoma refractory to immunotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 32, 3786\u20133798 (2026).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"4705_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2605555","volume":"395","author":"EM O\u2019Reilly","year":"2026","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly, E. M. et al. Daraxonrasib or chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic pancreatic cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 395, 325\u2013337 (2026).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04537-w","volume":"32","author":"I Aronchik","year":"2026","unstructured":"Aronchik, I. et al. Acquired resistance to the RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor daraxonrasib guides rational combination therapy strategies in pancreatic cancer. Nat. Med. 32, 2865\u20132877 (2026).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4705_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001544","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2024-001544","volume":"12","author":"S Shou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shou, S. et al. Current and projected incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries: an analysis of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 12, e001544 (2025).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol."},{"key":"4705_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2671-9","volume":"16","author":"F De Vita","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Vita, F. et al. NAB-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): from clinical trials to clinical practice. BMC Cancer 16, 709 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04705-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04705-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04705-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:02:35Z","timestamp":1790758955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-026-04705-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["4705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-026-04705-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R.G.-C. reports honoraria for speaker engagements, advisory roles or funding of continuous medical education from Astellas, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer, Crinetics, Esteve, GSK, Hutchmed, Ipsen, ITM, MSD, Novartis, Novocure, PharmaMar, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, Servier and Takeda, and has received research grants from MSD. R.P.C. reports advisory board roles for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Roche, Servier; invited speaker for Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Roche, Servier; expert testimony for AstraZeneca and Lilly; travel fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS and Servier; and grants from NextGenerationEU Funding and Horizon Europe Funds. T.M. reports consultant or advisory roles for Amgen, Servier Incyte, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Taiho, Celgene and Eisai; research funding from Celgene, AstraZeneca, BeiGene and Incyte; and being an invited speaker for AstraZeneca, Incyte, Servier Roche and Eisai. B.L. reports speaker, consultant and advisory roles for Jazz Pharmaceuticals and AstraZeneca; research funding from AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma and Taiho; a principal investigator role for Theriva Biologics; a membership or affiliation with the Spanish Medical Oncology Society, Societat Catalana de P\u00e0ncreas, EORTC and TTD. A.N. reports research funding from ReMission. C.G.-P. reports local principal investigator roles for QED Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Panbela, Oncosil, Theriva Biologics, Roche and Ipsen; and training, travel and accommodation fees from General Electrics, AstraZeneca, Oncosil and Roche. A.M. reports consultant or advisory roles for GSK, Pfizer, BMS-Celgene, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, MSD, Lilly, Servier, Roche, Taiho, Leo Pharma, Regeneron and Jazz Pharmaceuticals; research funding from Leo Pharma; speaker\u2019s bureau of Rovi, Menarini, Stada, Medscape, Incyte and Taiho; patents (WO2018215590A1, WO2023017135A1), royalties and other intellectual property related to risk assessment model in venous thromboembolism in cancer patients (genomic risk score) and liquid biopsy developed with laser technology. E.J.K. reports stock and other ownership interests from RomTech; consulting or advisory roles in Relay Therapeutics; speaker\u2019s bureau of Eisai, Pfizer and AstraZeneca; research funding from Merck, EpicentRx, Astellas, Erytech, Fibrogen, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Eureka Therapeutics, Genentech and GlaxoSmithKline; travel and accommodation expenses from Eisai. T.S. reports advisory board roles for Astellas and Revolution Medicines. M.L.M. reports invited speaker for Servier, Leo Pharma, Incyte, AstraZeneca, PharmaMar, Novartis and Gr\u00fcnenthal; travel, accommodation and expenses from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Ipsen, PharmaMar, Servier, Roche and Leo Pharma. E.M.C. reports consultant or advisory role for BMS, Incyte and AstraZeneca, invited speaker for Beigene, Servier, Roche, Amgen, MSD, BMS, Lilly, Leo Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, Bayer and Rovi; grant support from Amgen, BMS, MSD and Roche. M. Cazorla, C.N.-P., V.S. and M. Hojouj declare no competing interests. C.L., S.C., M.K. and M.A.S. are former employees of and hold stock and stock options in Theriva Biologics. A.M.B. is an employee of and holds stock and stock options in Theriva Biologics and is an inventor of patents related to oncolytic viral therapy (WO2026042009A1, WO2024062372A1, WO2025062359A1). L.A.R. is an employee of and holds stock options in Theriva Biologics; and is an inventor of patents related to oncolytic viral therapy (WO2015166082A1, WO2026042009A1, EP25383072.3), antigen cross-reactivity (WO2023146978A2) and tracking of vaccine-expanded T cell clones (WO2024073682A2). V.J.W. and C.B. are employees of and hold stock and stock options in Theriva Biologics. M. Cascallo reports a leadership role, employment and intellectual property (WO2003080083A1, WO2007088229A1, WO2008110579A2, WO2010128182A1, WO2018091151A1, WO2024062372A1, WO2026042009A1), and ownership interests in Theriva Biologics. M. Hidalgo reports stock equity ownership and serves as the Chairman of the Advisory Board for Nelum Pharma; serves on the Board of Directors of Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) and Guardant Health (GH); declares stock and other ownership interests in Champions Oncology and InxMed; receives honoraria from Champions Oncology and Velavigo; has a consulting or advisory role in OncoMatrix and InxMed; has leadership roles at BMS and Guardant Health; and receives paid expenses from BMS and Guardant Health.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}