{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T02:24:53Z","timestamp":1794623093696,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01184-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T17:09:06Z","timestamp":1667322546000},"page":"1458-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Synaptic pruning through glial synapse engulfment upon motor learning"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke M.","family":"Morizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narumi","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2021-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomomi","family":"Aida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1316-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishikane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Beppu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Moritoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0548-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriko","family":"Osumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5267-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Shigetomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6184-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Schuichi","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohichi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2511-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji F.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6536-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7436-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yugo","family":"Fukazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1068-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ko","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2699","volume":"10","author":"A Holtmaat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holtmaat, A. & Svoboda, K. Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 647\u2013658 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3258","volume":"13","author":"P Caroni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caroni, P., Donato, F. & Muller, D. Structural plasticity upon learning: regulation and functions. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 478\u2013490 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.16","volume":"19","author":"MP Forrest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forrest, M. P., Parnell, E. & Penzes, P. Dendritic structural plasticity and neuropsychiatric disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 19, 215\u2013234 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00467-3","volume":"22","author":"H Kasai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kasai, H., Ziv, N. E., Okazaki, H., Yagishita, S. & Toyoizumi, T. Spine dynamics in the brain, mental disorders and artificial neural networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 407\u2013422 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.12.030189.000505","volume":"12","author":"M Ito","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ito, M. Long-term depression. Annu Rev. Neurosci. 12, 85\u2013102 (1989).","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144238","volume":"27","author":"ES Boyden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boyden, E. S., Katoh, A. & Raymond, J. L. Cerebellum-dependent learning: the role of multiple plasticity mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27, 581\u2013609 (2004).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/356601a0","volume":"356","author":"M Kano","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kano, M., Rexhausen, U., Dreessen, J. & Konnerth, A. Synaptic excitation produces a long-lasting rebound potentiation of inhibitory synaptic signals in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Nature 356, 601\u2013604 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.07.009","volume":"67","author":"M Schonewille","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schonewille, M. et al. Purkinje cell-specific knockout of the protein phosphatase PP2B impairs potentiation and cerebellar motor learning. Neuron 67, 618\u2013628 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00678-2","volume":"13","author":"YG Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, Y. G. & Kim, S. J. Decreased intrinsic excitability of cerebellar Purkinje cells following optokinetic learning in mice. Mol. Brain 13, 136 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"1184_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.11.046","volume":"93","author":"N Gutierrez-Castellanos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Castellanos, N. et al. Motor learning requires Purkinje cell synaptic potentiation through activation of AMPA-receptor subunit GluA3. Neuron 93, 409\u2013424 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR11","first-page":"E188","volume":"111","author":"W Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Distinct cerebellar engrams in short-term and long-term motor learning. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, E188\u2013E193 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1184_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E194","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303317110","volume":"111","author":"W Aziz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aziz, W. et al. Distinct kinetics of synaptic structural plasticity, memory formation, and memory decay in massed and spaced learning. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, E194\u2013E202 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1184_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36209","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36209","volume":"7","author":"T Inoshita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inoshita, T. & Hirano, T. Occurrence of long-term depression in the cerebellar flocculus during adaptation of optokinetic response. eLife 7, e36209 (2018).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"1184_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.034","volume":"99","author":"W Kakegawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kakegawa, W. et al. Optogenetic control of synaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis reveals roles of LTD in motor learning. Neuron 99, 985\u2013998 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12776","volume":"504","author":"WS Chung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chung, W. S. et al. Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways. Nature 504, 394\u2013400 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.026","volume":"74","author":"DP Schafer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schafer, D. P. et al. Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner. Neuron 74, 691\u2013705 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","volume":"352","author":"S Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong, S. et al. Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models. Science 352, 712\u2013716 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1184_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00037-1","volume":"8","author":"YM Morizawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morizawa, Y. M. et al. Reactive astrocytes function as phagocytes after brain ischemia via ABCA1-mediated pathway. Nat. Commun. 8, 28 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1184_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03060-3","volume":"590","author":"JH Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, J. H. et al. Astrocytes phagocytose adult hippocampal synapses for circuit homeostasis. Nature 590, 612\u2013617 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609896113","volume":"113","author":"WS Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung, W. S. et al. Novel allele-dependent role for APOE in controlling the rate of synapse pruning by astrocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 10186\u201310191 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1184_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rueda-Carrasco, J. et al. Microglia detect externalized phosphatidylserine on synapses for elimination via TREM2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.04.04.486424 (2022).","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.04.04.486424"},{"key":"1184_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03566-5","volume":"9","author":"L Weinhard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weinhard, L. et al. Microglia remodel synapses by presynaptic trogocytosis and spine head filopodia induction. Nat. Commun. 9, 1228 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1184_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10034","DOI":"10.1021\/ja202902d","volume":"133","author":"M Tantama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tantama, M., Hung, Y. P. & Yellen, G. Imaging intracellular pH in live cells with a genetically encoded red fluorescent protein sensor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 10034\u201310037 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1184_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2011.05.013","volume":"18","author":"H Katayama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katayama, H., Kogure, T., Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T. & Miyawaki, A. A sensitive and quantitative technique for detecting autophagic events based on lysosomal delivery. Chem. Biol. 18, 1042\u20131052 (2011).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"1184_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.025","volume":"181","author":"H Katayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Katayama, H. et al. Visualizing and modulating mitophagy for therapeutic studies of neurodegeneration. Cell 181, 1176\u20131187 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1184_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.06.011","volume":"2","author":"KF Tanaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tanaka, K. F. et al. Expanding the repertoire of optogenetically targeted cells with an enhanced gene expression system. Cell Rep. 2, 397\u2013406 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1184_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2017.07.006","volume":"6","author":"K Nitta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nitta, K., Matsuzaki, Y., Konno, A. & Hirai, H. Minimal Purkinje cell-specific PCP2\/L7 promoter virally available for rodents and non-human primates. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 6, 159\u2013170 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"1184_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105380","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105380","volume":"39","author":"N Scott-Hewitt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scott-Hewitt, N. et al. Local externalization of phosphatidylserine mediates developmental synaptic pruning by microglia. EMBO J. 39, e105380 (2020).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"1184_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104136","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019104136","volume":"39","author":"T Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, T. et al. A splicing isoform of GPR56 mediates microglial synaptic refinement via phosphatidylserine binding. EMBO J. 39, e104136 (2020).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"1184_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00477.x","volume":"11","author":"SM van den Eijnde","year":"1999","unstructured":"van den Eijnde, S. M. et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of dying neurons during early mouse development. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 712\u2013724 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2299","volume":"13","author":"Z Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu, Z. et al. Phagocytic activity of neuronal progenitors regulates adult neurogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 1076\u20131083 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1184_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15837","volume":"8","author":"RA Hill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hill, R. A., Damisah, E. C., Chen, F., Kwan, A. C. & Grutzendler, J. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of defined cell types in vivo. Nat. Commun. 8, 15837 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1184_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00249607","volume":"77","author":"S Nagao","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nagao, S. Role of cerebellar flocculus in adaptive interaction between optokinetic eye movement response and vestibulo-ocular reflex in pigmented rabbits. Exp. Brain Res. 77, 541\u2013551 (1989).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"1184_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palay, S. L. & Chan-Palay, V. Cerebellar Cortex: Cytology and Organization (Springer, 1974).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-65581-4"},{"key":"1184_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0287-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"J Spacek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spacek, J. & Harris, K. M. Trans-endocytosis via spinules in adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 24, 4233\u20134241 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14498","volume":"522","author":"A Khaminets","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khaminets, A. et al. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum turnover by selective autophagy. Nature 522, 354\u2013358 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao6047","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao6047","volume":"359","author":"K McArthur","year":"2018","unstructured":"McArthur, K. et al. BAK\/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis. Science 359, eaao6047 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1184_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1221140","volume":"337","author":"AS Saab","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saab, A. S. et al. Bergmann glial AMPA receptors are required for fine motor coordination. Science 337, 749\u2013753 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1184_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xavier, A. L. et al. Cannula implantation into the cisterna magna of rodents. J. Vis. Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/57378 (2018).","DOI":"10.3791\/57378"},{"key":"1184_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2496-1","volume":"583","author":"C Tabula Muris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tabula Muris, C. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas characterizes ageing tissues in the mouse. Nature 583, 590\u2013595 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.017","volume":"100","author":"EK Lehrman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lehrman, E. K. et al. CD47 protects synapses from excess microglia-mediated pruning during development. Neuron 100, 120\u2013134 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00190-8","volume":"104","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Hartwieg, E. & Horvitz, H. R. CED-1 is a transmembrane receptor that mediates cell corpse engulfment in C. elegans. Cell 104, 43\u201356 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1184_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0260629","volume":"26","author":"A Moynault","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moynault, A., Luciani, M. F. & Chimini, G. ABC1, the mammalian homologue of the engulfment gene ced-7, is required during phagocytosis of both necrotic and apoptotic cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 26, 629\u2013635 (1998).","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"1184_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/35017029","volume":"2","author":"Y Hamon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hamon, Y. et al. ABC1 promotes engulfment of apoptotic cells and transbilayer redistribution of phosphatidylserine. Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 399\u2013406 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1184_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000120","volume":"1","author":"Y Hamon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hamon, Y. et al. Cooperation between engulfment receptors: the case of ABCA1 and MEGF10. PLoS ONE 1, e120 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1184_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22873","volume":"63","author":"C Loov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loov, C., Mitchell, C. H., Simonsson, M. & Erlandsson, A. Slow degradation in phagocytic astrocytes can be enhanced by lysosomal acidification. Glia 63, 1997\u20132009 (2015).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"1184_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15257","volume":"525","author":"A Hayashi-Takagi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayashi-Takagi, A. et al. Labelling and optical erasure of synaptic memory traces in the motor cortex. Nature 525, 333\u2013338 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14251","volume":"520","author":"J Cichon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cichon, J. & Gan, W. B. Branch-specific dendritic Ca2+ spikes cause persistent synaptic plasticity. Nature 520, 180\u2013185 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03134-2","volume":"591","author":"S Holler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holler, S., Kostinger, G., Martin, K. A. C., Schuhknecht, G. F. P. & Stratford, K. J. Structure and function of a neocortical synapse. Nature 591, 111\u2013116 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1184_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10107","volume":"12","author":"SJ Martin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin, S. J. & Morris, R. G. New life in an old idea: the synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis revisited. Hippocampus 12, 609\u2013636 (2002).","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"1184_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.12.035","volume":"139","author":"F Shutoh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shutoh, F., Ohki, M., Kitazawa, H., Itohara, S. & Nagao, S. Memory trace of motor learning shifts transsynaptically from cerebellar cortex to nuclei for consolidation. Neuroscience 139, 767\u2013777 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1184_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17897","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0511-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"HJ Boele","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boele, H. J., Koekkoek, S. K., De Zeeuw, C. I. & Ruigrok, T. J. Axonal sprouting and formation of terminals in the adult cerebellum during associative motor learning. J. Neurosci. 33, 17897\u201317907 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2348","volume":"12","author":"P Wulff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wulff, P. et al. Synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells mediates consolidation of vestibulo-cerebellar motor learning. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 1042\u20131049 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4049","volume":"18","author":"SX Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, S. X., Kim, A. N., Peters, A. J. & Komiyama, T. Subtype-specific plasticity of inhibitory circuits in motor cortex during motor learning. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 1109\u20131115 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.018","volume":"60","author":"N Becker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Becker, N., Wierenga, C. J., Fonseca, R., Bonhoeffer, T. & Nagerl, U. V. LTD induction causes morphological changes of presynaptic boutons and reduces their contacts with spines. Neuron 60, 590\u2013597 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.053","volume":"141","author":"Z Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Caspase-3 activation via mitochondria is required for long-term depression and AMPA receptor internalization. Cell 141, 859\u2013871 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1184_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.004","volume":"70","author":"S Jiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiao, S. & Li, Z. Nonapoptotic function of BAD and BAX in long-term depression of synaptic transmission. Neuron 70, 758\u2013772 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3121-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"A Erturk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erturk, A., Wang, Y. & Sheng, M. Local pruning of dendrites and spines by caspase-3-dependent and proteasome-limited mechanisms. J. Neurosci. 34, 1672\u20131688 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"1184_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6303","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722613115","volume":"115","author":"BA Gyorffy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gyorffy, B. A. et al. Local apoptotic-like mechanisms underlie complement-mediated synaptic pruning. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 6303\u20136308 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1184_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11575-1","volume":"10","author":"ZX Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, Z. X. et al. Caspase-2 promotes AMPA receptor internalization and cognitive flexibility via mTORC2\u2013AKT\u2013GSK3\u03b2 signaling. Nat. Commun. 10, 3622 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1184_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.031","volume":"183","author":"JA Nicolas-Avila","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicolas-Avila, J. A. et al. A network of macrophages supports mitochondrial homeostasis in the heart. Cell 183, 94\u2013109 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1184_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.026","volume":"44","author":"DL Bishop","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bishop, D. L., Misgeld, T., Walsh, M. K., Gan, W. B. & Lichtman, J. W. Axon branch removal at developing synapses by axosome shedding. Neuron 44, 651\u2013661 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1184_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.12.006","volume":"147","author":"CZ Han","year":"2011","unstructured":"Han, C. Z. & Ravichandran, K. S. Metabolic connections during apoptotic cell engulfment. Cell 147, 1442\u20131445 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1184_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.022","volume":"172","author":"J Ashley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashley, J. et al. Retrovirus-like Gag protein Arc1 binds RNA and traffics across synaptic boutons. Cell 172, 262\u2013274 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1184_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0653-x","volume":"16","author":"T Aida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aida, T. et al. Cloning-free CRISPR\/Cas system facilitates functional cassette knock-in in mice. Genome Biol. 16, 87 (2015).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"1184_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2004.02.002","volume":"49","author":"T Sakatani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sakatani, T. & Isa, T. PC-based high-speed video-oculography for measuring rapid eye movements in mice. Neurosci. Res. 49, 123\u2013131 (2004).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"1184_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0209-y","volume":"21","author":"A Mathis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mathis, A. et al. DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 1281\u20131289 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Nature Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-022-01184-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-022-01184-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-022-01184-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T11:20:15Z","timestamp":1668079215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41593-022-01184-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-022-01184-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1097-6256","1546-1726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1097-6256","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}