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K.A.H. serves as an officer and holds equity in RhyGaze, an early-stage privately held biotechnology company investigating the use of optogenetics in therapeutics. She also serves on the Board of Directors of CRISPR Therapeutics AG, Incyte Corporation and Tr1x. V.G. is a cofounder of Capsida Biotherapeutics, which is involved in AAV engineering for gene therapy. H.Z. is on the scientific advisory board of Maplight Therapeutics, which is translating optogenetic findings into medicinal therapies (including those for autism, schizophrenia, Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease). O.Y is a co-founder and O.Y. and K.D. serve as consultants for Modulight Biotherapeutics, which is involved in GPCR opsin development for human therapeutics. K.D. is a cofounder and scientific advisor of Maplight Therapeutics, as mentioned above, and Stellaromics, which is involved in the translation of discoveries from hydrogel tissue chemistry to human therapies. B.R. is a co-founder of Gensight Therapeutics and RhyGaze, both developing optogenetic therapies for restoring vision, B.R. is also a consultant for RhyGaze. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}