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Here we report the results of cryo-electron tomography studies of HTLV-1 virus-like particles assembled in vitro, as well as derived from cells. This work shows that HTLV-1 uses a distinct mechanism of Gag\u2013Gag interactions to form the immature viral lattice. Analysis of high-resolution structural information from immature capsid (CA) tubular arrays reveals that the primary stabilizing component in HTLV-1 is the N-terminal domain of CA. Mutagenesis analysis supports this observation. This distinguishes HTLV-1 from other retroviruses, in which the stabilization is provided primarily by the C-terminal domain of CA. These results provide structural details of the quaternary arrangement of Gag for an immature deltaretrovirus and this helps explain why HTLV-1 particles are morphologically distinct.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-024-01390-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T06:02:34Z","timestamp":1725602554000},"page":"268-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distinct stabilization of the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 immature Gag lattice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Obr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Percipalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4866-8498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darya","family":"Chernikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Thader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"Pinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Porley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis M.","family":"Mansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4790-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian K. 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