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Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined structures of four essential complexes of the\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    conoid: the preconoidal P2 ring, tubulin-based conoid fibers, and the subpellicular and intraconoidal microtubules. Our analysis identified 40 distinct conoid proteins, several of which are essential for parasite lytic growth, as revealed through genetic disruption studies. Comparative analysis of the tubulin-containing complexes sheds light on their functional specialization by microtubule-associated proteins, while the structure of the preconoidal ring pinpoints the site of actin polymerization and initial translocation, enhancing our mechanistic understanding of gliding motility and, therefore, parasite invasion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-025-01728-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T10:58:51Z","timestamp":1765277931000},"page":"157-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Atomic models of the Toxoplasma cell invasion machinery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6880-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3912-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3751-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengge","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2097-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wandy L.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-0285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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