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T.G. is an unpaid advisor to the philanthropic group Balvi. M.M. is Past President of the British Medical Association and European Public Health Association, Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policy, a partnership of governments, international agencies, and universities, and an advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Director for Europe. He is a former chair of WHO Europe\u2019s Advisory Committee on Health Research and a former member of the European Commission\u2019s Expert Panel on Effective Ways of Investing in Health. He is a current member of the Advisory Committee of Friends of the Global Fund Europe and the European Health Forum Gastein and is President of the European Public Health Conference Foundation. S.M. participated in the UK\u2019s Scientific Advisory Group in Emergencies (SAGE) and its behavioural science sub-group, \u2018SPI-B\u2019. S.R. is a member of the UK\u2019s Independent Scientific Pandemic Insights Group on Behaviours and the Scottish Government COVID-19 Advisory Group. A.R. is a freelance broadcaster and author and Past President and current Vice-President of Humanists UK.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}