{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T15:31:52Z","timestamp":1793719912155,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Discovery Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Protoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-026-01384-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T08:34:30Z","timestamp":1779957270000},"page":"4969-4976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonexhaustive microextraction as a step toward more sustainable chemical analysis in the field and the clinic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9975-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Pawliszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1039\/b926439f","volume":"39","author":"M Tobiszewski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tobiszewski, M., Mechlinska, A. & Namiesnik, J. Green analytical chemistry\u2014theory and practice. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 2869\u20132878 (2010).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"1384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117542","volume":"172","author":"Z Boeva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boeva, Z., Mousavi, Z., Sokalski, T. & Bobacka, J. Recent trends in non-invasive on-body chemical sensing. Trends Anal. Chem. 172, 117542 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.06.029","volume":"983","author":"V Perez-Fernandez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez-Fernandez, V., Mainero Rocca, L., Tomai, P., Fanali, S. & Gentili, A. Recent advancements and future trends in environmental analysis: sample preparation, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 983, 9\u201341 (2017).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"1384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawliszyn, J. Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice (Wiley, 1997).","DOI":"10.1333\/s00897970137a"},{"key":"1384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117167","volume":"166","author":"W Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Wieczorek, M. N., Javanmardi, H. & Pawliszyn, J. Direct solid-phase microextraction\u2013mass spectrometry facilitates rapid analysis and green analytical chemistry. Trends Anal. Chem. 166, 117167 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2024.100164","volume":"11","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Solid phase microextraction coupled with portable gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry for on-site analysis. Green Anal. Chem. 11, 100164 (2024).","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/86.2.412","volume":"86","author":"M Anastassiades","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S. J., \u0160tajnbaher, D. & Schenck, F. J. Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction\/partitioning and \u2018dispersive solid-phase extraction\u2019 for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC Int. 86, 412\u2013431 (2003).","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"1384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jano, A. Miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques in sample preparation applied to food matrices: a review. Microchem. J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.113794 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.113794"},{"key":"1384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100203t","volume":"111","author":"G Ouyang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ouyang, G., Vuckovic, D. & Pawliszyn, J. Nondestructive sampling of living systems using in vivo solid-phase microextraction. Chem. Rev. 111, 2784\u20132814 (2011).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"1384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sampre.2024.100114","volume":"10","author":"MN Wieczorek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wieczorek, M. N., Zhou, W. & Pawliszyn, J. Perspective on sample preparation fundamentals. Adv. Sample Prep. 10, 100114 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sample Prep."},{"key":"1384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(03)01006-9","volume":"22","author":"M Heringa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heringa, M. & Hermens, J. Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME). Trends Anal. Chem. 22, 575\u2013587 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11061","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c01986","volume":"93","author":"KS Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roy, K. S. et al. Optimizing a high-throughput solid-phase microextraction system to determine the plasma protein binding of drugs in human plasma. Anal. Chem. 93, 11061\u201311065 (2021).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2025.100315","volume":"16","author":"T Grazioso","year":"2026","unstructured":"Grazioso, T. et al. Rapid and high-throughput analysis of PAHs and pesticides adsorbed on microplastics using SPME\u2013MS through a microfluidic open interface coupled to liquid electron ionization mass spectrometry. Green Anal. Chem. 16, 100315 (2026).","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.10.016","volume":"999","author":"GA G\u00f3mez-R\u00edos","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-R\u00edos, G. A. et al. Rapid determination of immunosuppressive drug concentrations in whole blood by coated blade spray-tandem mass spectrometry (CBS\u2013MS\/MS). Anal. Chim. Acta 999, 69\u201375 (2018).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"1384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c08626","volume":"10","author":"S Zeinali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeinali, S. & Pawliszyn, J. Green portable method for simultaneous investigation of gaseous and particle-bound air pollutants in indoor and outdoor environments. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 10, 3981\u20133989 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"1384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.06.010","volume":"112","author":"Y Yamini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamini, Y., Rezazadeh, M. & Seidi, S. Liquid-phase microextraction\u2014the different principles and configurations. Trends Anal. Chem. 112, 264\u2013272 (2019).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawliszyn, J. Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction (Elsevier, 2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416017-0.00002-4"},{"key":"1384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00021","volume":"92","author":"SXL Goh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goh, S. X. L., Chong, B. H. D. & Lee, H. K. Fully automated water sampling\u2014surfactant-enhanced membrane bag liquid-phase microextraction\u2014ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 92, 5362\u20135369 (2020).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12538","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03017","volume":"94","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Can direct-immersion aqueous\u2013aqueous microextraction be achieved when using a single-drop system? Anal. Chem. 94, 12538\u201312545 (2022).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00218a019","volume":"62","author":"CL Arthur","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arthur, C. L. & Pawliszyn, J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal. Chem. 62, 2145\u20132148 (1990).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136557","volume":"426","author":"W Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Wieczorek, M. N. & Pawliszyn, J. High throughput and automated solid-phase microextraction and determination by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry for the analysis of mycotoxins in beer. Food Chem. 426, 136557 (2023).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117396","volume":"169","author":"K Murtada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murtada, K. & Pawliszyn, J. Evolution in understandings of the design, optimization, and application of sorbent-based extraction devices. Trends Anal. Chem. 169, 117396 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202100634","volume":"45","author":"S Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, S. et al. Novel solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings: a review. J. Sep. Sci. 45, 282\u2013304 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"1384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07244","volume":"58","author":"W Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, W. et al. Embedding mixed sorbents in binder: solid-phase microextraction coating with wide extraction coverage and its application in environmental water analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 58, 771\u2013779 (2023).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04502","volume":"90","author":"N Reyes-Garces","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reyes-Garces, N. et al. Advances in solid phase microextraction and perspective on future directions. Anal. Chem. 90, 302\u2013360 (2017).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04008","volume":"88","author":"JJ Grandy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grandy, J. J., Boyac\u0131, E. & Pawliszyn, J. Development of a carbon mesh supported thin film microextraction membrane as a means to lower the detection limits of benchtop and portable GC\/MS instrumentation. Anal. Chem. 88, 1760\u20131767 (2016).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122466","volume":"232","author":"Y Jing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jing, Y. et al. High-throughput biomonitoring of organophosphate flame-retardant metabolites in urine via 96-blade solid-phase microextraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 232, 122466 (2021).","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"1384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500396","volume":"13","author":"RW Jiang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jiang, R. W. et al. Minimally invasive chemical biopsy needle with self-wettable extraction phase for in vivo tissue sampling during medical procedures. Adv. Sci. 13, e00396 (2026).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6367","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c05782","volume":"95","author":"W Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Nazdrajic\u0301, E. & Pawliszyn, J. High-throughput and rapid screening of drugs of abuse in saliva by multi-segment injection using solid-phase microextraction\u2013automated microfluidic open interface\u2013mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 95, 6367\u20136373 (2023).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202504080","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202504080","volume":"64","author":"W Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, W. & Pawliszyn, J. Building a bridge between ambient MS and LC\u2013MS by non-exhaustive microdesorption. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64, e202504080 (2025).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344458","volume":"1377","author":"W Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, W. & Pawliszyn, J. Coated blade spray\u2013mass spectrometry for rapid screening: a tutorial. Anal. Chim. Acta 1377, 344458 (2025).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"1384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.09.084","volume":"1316","author":"FS Mirnaghi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mirnaghi, F. S. et al. Microextraction versus exhaustive extraction approaches for simultaneous analysis of compounds in wide range of polarity. J. Chromatogr. A 1316, 37\u201343 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"1384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12917","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01490","volume":"92","author":"JJ Grandy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grandy, J. J. et al. Development of a drone-based thin-film solid-phase microextraction water sampler to facilitate on-site screening of environmental pollutants. Anal. Chem. 92, 12917\u201312924 (2020).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.11.021","volume":"1098","author":"X Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Online coupling of an electrochemically fabricated solid-phase microextraction probe and a miniature mass spectrometer for enrichment and analysis of chemical contaminants in infant drinks. Anal. Chim. Acta 1098, 66\u201374 (2020).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"1384_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN00718C","volume":"142","author":"GA G\u00f3mez-R\u00edos","year":"2017","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-R\u00edos, G. A. et al. Towards on-site analysis of complex matrices by solid-phase microextraction\u2013transmission mode coupled to a portable mass spectrometer via direct analysis in real time. Analyst 142, 2928\u20132935 (2017).","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"1384_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13025","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01905","volume":"92","author":"V Galievsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galievsky, V. & Pawliszyn, J. Fluorometer for screening of doxorubicin in perfusate solution and tissue with solid-phase microextraction chemical biopsy sampling. Anal. Chem. 92, 13025\u201313033 (2020).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.329","volume":"6","author":"HL Lord","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lord, H. L. et al. In vivo solid-phase microextraction for monitoring intravenous concentrations of drugs and metabolites. Nat. Protoc. 6, 896\u2013924 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1384_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2020.08.011","volume":"11","author":"B Bojko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bojko, B. et al. Solid phase microextraction chemical biopsy tool for monitoring of doxorubicin residue during in vivo lung chemo-perfusion. J. Pharm. Anal. 11, 37\u201347 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"1384_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.12.008","volume":"14","author":"W Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Jiang, R. W., Bojko, B. & Pawliszyn, J. Perspective on in vivo SPME for human applications: Starting from monitoring doxorubicin during lung chemo-perfusion. J. Pharm. Anal. 14, 100918 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"1384_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2024.100168","volume":"11","author":"E Nazdraji\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nazdraji\u0107, E., Galievsky, V. & Pawliszyn, J. Coupling solid phase microextraction to integrated optical sensors with microfluidic open interface. Green Anal. Chem. 11, 100168 (2024).","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06465","volume":"51","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmadi, Sparham, F., Boyac\u0131, C. & Pawliszyn, J. Time-weighted average concentration monitoring based on thin-film solid-phase microextraction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 3929\u20133937 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1384_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98973-y","volume":"11","author":"J Bogusiewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bogusiewicz, J. et al. New chemical biopsy tool for spatially resolved profiling of human brain tissue in vivo. Sci. Rep. 11, 19522 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1384_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.07.060","volume":"1218","author":"D Vuckovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vuckovic, D. et al. In vivo solid-phase microextraction for single rodent pharmacokinetics studies of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in mice. J. Chromatogr. A 1218, 3367\u20133375 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"1384_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2025.100238","volume":"13","author":"P Szeliska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Szeliska, P. et al. Protocol for the upgraded high-throughput SPME system for biocompatible in vitro extraction from small volume for metabolomics and pharmaceutical assays. Green Anal. Chem. 13, 100238 (2025).","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116223","volume":"138","author":"PM Nowak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nowak, P. M., Wietecha-Pos\u0142uszny, R. & Pawliszyn, J. White analytical chemistry: an approach to reconcile the principles of green analytical chemistry and functionality. Trends Anal. Chem. 138, 116223 (2021).","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2025.100282","volume":"13","author":"DM C\u00e1rdenas-Sorac\u00e1","year":"2025","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas-Sorac\u00e1, D. M., Haile, H., Nazdraji\u0107, E. & Pawliszyn, J. Development and validation of a retracted thin film solid-phase microextraction device for time-weighted average monitoring of artificial sweetener concentrations in surface waters. Green Anal. Chem. 13, 100282 (2025).","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1384_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1039\/D3AY00424D","volume":"15","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. A comprehensive and high-throughput screening method for multiple prohibited substances by UPLC\u2013QE Plus\u2013HRMS and HPLC\u2013QQQ\u2013MS in human urine for doping control. Anal. Methods 15, 3206\u20133214 (2023).","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"1384_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8119","volume":"32","author":"Y Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, Y. et al. Development of a multifunctional concurrent assay using weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti-doping analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 32, 897\u2013905 (2018).","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."}],"container-title":["Nature Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01384-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01384-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01384-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1793718147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01384-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-026-01384-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-2189","1750-2799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-2189","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}