{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T16:45:38Z","timestamp":1782751538563,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI145828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI145828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Protoc"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-026-01402-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1782743171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inducing physiological polarity and performing gene editing using CRISPR\u2013Cas9 in human trophoblast organoids"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6842-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Hatterschide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3732-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizban E.","family":"Worota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4137-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaila","family":"Cooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn B.","family":"Coyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turco, M. Y. & Moffett, A. Development of the human placenta. Development https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.163428 (2019).","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.163428"},{"key":"1402_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0051-9","volume":"19","author":"G Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi, G., Manfrin, A. & Lutolf, M. P. Progress and potential in organoid research. Nat. Rev. Genet. 19, 671\u2013687 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"1402_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032611","volume":"15","author":"F Schutgens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schutgens, F. & Clevers, H. Human organoids: tools for understanding biology and treating diseases. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 15, 211\u2013234 (2020).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"1402_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, L. et al. Innate immune signaling in trophoblast and decidua organoids defines differential antiviral defenses at the maternal-fetal interface. eLife https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.79794 (2022).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.79794"},{"key":"1402_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0381-x","volume":"15","author":"MA Sheridan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheridan, M. A. et al. Establishment and differentiation of long-term trophoblast organoid cultures from the human placenta. Nat. Protoc. 15, 3441\u20133463 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0753-3","volume":"564","author":"MY Turco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turco, M. Y. et al. Trophoblast organoids as a model for maternal-fetal interactions during human placentation. Nature 564, 263\u2013267 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1402_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.07.004","volume":"11","author":"S Haider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haider, S. et al. Self-renewing trophoblast organoids recapitulate the developmental program of the early human placenta. Stem Cell Rep. 11, 537\u2013551 (2018).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"1402_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, H. C. C. B. Passaging of trophoblast organoids from full-term placental tissue. protocols.io https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17504\/protocols.io.e6nvwkx8dvmk\/v1 (2022).","DOI":"10.17504\/protocols.io.e6nvwkx8dvmk\/v1"},{"key":"1402_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, H. C. C. B. Isolation of trophoblast organoids from full-term human placenta tissue. protocols.io https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17504\/protocols.io.x54v9y98mg3e\/v1 (2022).","DOI":"10.17504\/protocols.io.x54v9y98mg3e\/v1"},{"key":"1402_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs261528","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.261528","volume":"137","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, L., Liang, P., Yang, H. & Coyne, C. B. Trophoblast organoids with physiological polarity model placental structure and function. J. Cell Sci. 137, jcs261528 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"1402_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP101170","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.101170","volume":"13","author":"MM Keenen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Keenen, M. M. et al. Comparative analysis of the syncytiotrophoblast in placenta tissue and trophoblast organoids using snRNA sequencing. eLife 13, RP101170 (2025).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"1402_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20250448","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20250448","volume":"222","author":"J Hatterschide","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hatterschide, J., Yang, L. & Coyne, C. B. DUX4-stimulated genes define an antiviral defense program in human placental trophoblasts. J. Exp. Med. 222, e20250448 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"1402_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.95.1.137","volume":"95","author":"AZ Wang","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wang, A. Z., Ojakian, G. K. & Nelson, W. J. Steps in the morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium. I. Uncoupling the roles of cell-cell and cell-substratum contact in establishing plasma membrane polarity in multicellular epithelial (MDCK) cysts. J. Cell Sci. 95, 137\u2013151 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"1402_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.108","volume":"26","author":"JY Co","year":"2019","unstructured":"Co, J. Y. et al. Controlling epithelial polarity: a human enteroid model for host-pathogen interactions. Cell Rep. 26, 2509\u20132520 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1402_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00607-0","volume":"16","author":"JY Co","year":"2021","unstructured":"Co, J. Y., Margalef-Catala, M., Monack, D. M. & Amieva, M. R. Controlling the polarity of human gastrointestinal organoids to investigate epithelial biology and infectious diseases. Nat. Protoc. 16, 5171\u20135192 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-3014-1","volume":"588","author":"AA Salahudeen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salahudeen, A. A. et al. Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in human distal lung organoids. Nature 588, 670\u2013675 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1402_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901658","volume":"9","author":"M Kruger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kruger, M. et al. Cellulose nanofibril hydrogel promotes hepatic differentiation of human liver organoids. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 9, e1901658 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"1402_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Next-generation porcine intestinal organoids: an apical-out organoid model for swine enteric virus infection and immune response investigations. J. Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01006-20 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01006-20"},{"key":"1402_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14686","volume":"8","author":"J Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Reconstituting development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia from primary human pancreas duct cells. Nat. Commun. 8, 14686 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1402_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.12.009","volume":"22","author":"T Seino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seino, T. et al. Human pancreatic tumor organoids reveal loss of stem cell niche factor dependence during disease progression. Cell Stem Cell 22, 454\u2013467 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1402_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.04.017","volume":"24","author":"B Artegiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Artegiani, B. et al. Probing the tumor suppressor function of BAP1 in CRISPR-engineered human liver organoids. Cell Stem Cell 24, 927\u2013943 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1402_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz196","volume":"112","author":"JF Dekkers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dekkers, J. F. et al. Modeling breast cancer using CRISPR\u2013Cas9-mediated engineering of human breast organoids. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 112, 540\u2013544 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"1402_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1109","volume":"11","author":"YH Lo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lo, Y. H. et al. A CRISPR\/Cas9-engineered ARID1A-deficient human gastric cancer organoid model reveals essential and nonessential modes of oncogenic transformation. Cancer Discov. 11, 1562\u20131581 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"1402_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.02.005","volume":"258","author":"S Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, S. et al. CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated A4GALT suppression rescues Fabry disease phenotypes in a kidney organoid model. Transl. Res. 258, 35\u201346 (2023).","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"1402_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.02.024","volume":"28","author":"M Bannier-Helaouet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bannier-Helaouet, M. et al. Exploring the human lacrimal gland using organoids and single-cell sequencing. Cell Stem Cell 28, 1221\u20131232 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1402_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0422-6","volume":"25","author":"O Kopper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kopper, O. et al. An organoid platform for ovarian cancer captures intra- and interpatient heterogeneity. Nat. Med. 25, 838\u2013849 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1402_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202201605","volume":"7","author":"J Mircetic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mircetic, J. et al. CRISPR\/Cas9 screen in gastric cancer patient-derived organoids reveals KDM1A-NDRG1 axis as a targetable vulnerability. Small Methods 7, e2201605 (2023).","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"1402_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.097","volume":"11","author":"L Broutier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Broutier, L. et al. Culture and establishment of self-renewing human and mouse adult liver and pancreas 3D organoids and their genetic manipulation. Nat. Protoc. 11, 1724\u20131743 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-00411-2","volume":"16","author":"D Hendriks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hendriks, D., Artegiani, B., Hu, H., Chuva de Sousa Lopes, S. & Clevers, H. Establishment of human fetal hepatocyte organoids and CRISPR\u2013Cas9-based gene knockin and knockout in organoid cultures from human liver. Nat. Protoc. 16, 182\u2013217 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.11.007","volume":"58","author":"Q Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao, Q. et al. Murine trophoblast organoids as a model for trophoblast development and CRISPR\u2013Cas9 screening. Dev. Cell 58, 2992\u20133008 (2023).","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"1402_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.103405","volume":"5","author":"Q Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao, Q., Jiang, J., Ye, Q., Wang, H. & Lin, C. P. Protocol for the derivation and culture of murine trophoblast organoids for CRISPR\u2013Cas9 screening. STAR Protoc. 5, 103405 (2024).","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3746-3_8","volume":"2781","author":"P Doria-Borrell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doria-Borrell, P., Moya-Navamuel, M., Hemberger, M. & Perez-Garcia, V. Generation of knockout mouse trophoblast stem cells by CRISPR\/Cas9. Methods Mol. Biol. 2781, 81\u201391 (2024).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1402_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2025.102481","volume":"20","author":"JK Cinkornpumin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cinkornpumin, J. K. et al. Hypoxia and loss of GCM1 expression prevent differentiation and contact inhibition in human trophoblast stem cells. Stem Cell Rep. 20, 102481 (2025).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"1402_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311372120","volume":"120","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shimizu, T. et al. CRISPR screening in human trophoblast stem cells reveals both shared and distinct aspects of human and mouse placental development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2311372120 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1402_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.10.014","volume":"27","author":"D Hendriks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hendriks, D., Clevers, H. & Artegiani, B. CRISPR-Cas tools and their application in genetic engineering of human stem cells and organoids. Cell Stem Cell 27, 705\u2013731 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1402_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14415","volume":"521","author":"J Drost","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drost, J. et al. Sequential cancer mutations in cultured human intestinal stem cells. Nature 521, 43\u201347 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1402_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1802","volume":"9","author":"BK Koo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koo, B. K. et al. Controlled gene expression in primary Lgr5 organoid cultures. Nat. Methods 9, 81\u201383 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"1402_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00669-0","volume":"17","author":"SC Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, S. C., Haga, K., Zeng, X. L. & Estes, M. K. Generation of CRISPR\u2013Cas9-mediated genetic knockout human intestinal tissue-derived enteroid lines by lentivirus transduction and single-cell cloning. Nat. Protoc. 17, 1004\u20131027 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3836","volume":"35","author":"J Roper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roper, J. et al. In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis. Nat. Biotechnol. 35, 569\u2013576 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1402_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3802","volume":"21","author":"M Matano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matano, M. et al. Modeling colorectal cancer using CRISPR\u2013Cas9-mediated engineering of human intestinal organoids. Nat. Med. 21, 256\u2013262 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1402_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.088","volume":"10","author":"M Fujii","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujii, M., Matano, M., Nanki, K. & Sato, T. Efficient genetic engineering of human intestinal organoids using electroporation. Nat. Protoc. 10, 1474\u20131485 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/369455a0","volume":"369","author":"AJ Lapthorn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lapthorn, A. J. et al. Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin. Nature 369, 455\u2013461 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1402_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.08.012","volume":"122","author":"RB Seth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seth, R. B., Sun, L., Ea, C. K. & Chen, Z. J. Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-\u03baB and IRF 3. Cell 122, 669\u2013682 (2005).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1402_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112099","volume":"28","author":"J Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. Development of apical out trophoblast stem cell derived organoids to model early human pregnancy. iScience 28, 112099 (2025).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1402_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1222","volume":"46","author":"J Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu, J. et al. Multimode drug inducible CRISPR\/Cas9 devices for transcriptional activation and genome editing. Nucleic Acids Res. 46, e25 (2018).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"1402_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5601-9","volume":"20","author":"N Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, N. et al. Development of drug-inducible CRISPR\u2013Cas9 systems for large-scale functional screening. BMC Genomics 20, 225 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"1402_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2019.07.015","volume":"17","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Chen, L., Zhang, J. & Wang, Y. Drug inducible CRISPR\/Cas systems. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 17, 1171\u20131177 (2019).","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"1402_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2023.102101","volume":"4","author":"J Hatterschide","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hatterschide, J., Natale, C. A., Ridky, T. W. & White, E. A. Monitoring cell fate in 3D organotypic human squamous epithelial cultures. STAR Protoc. 4, 102101 (2023).","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"1402_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carolyn Coyne, H. Y. Passaging of trophoblast organoids from full-term placental tissue. protocols.io https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17504\/protocols.io.e6nvwkx8dvmk\/v1 (2022).","DOI":"10.17504\/protocols.io.e6nvwkx8dvmk\/v1"}],"container-title":["Nature Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01402-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01402-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01402-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T16:03:33Z","timestamp":1782749013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41596-026-01402-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["1402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-026-01402-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-2189","1750-2799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-2189","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}