{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:32:06Z","timestamp":1793107926394,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008455","name":"U-M | Medical School, University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Global Reach Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Global Reach Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008455","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019PT320003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT320003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24CA210967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24CA210967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES017885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES017885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM080646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM080646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UL1TR001412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1TR001412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U24CA199374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U24CA199374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1T15LM012495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1T15LM012495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Data"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0523-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T10:03:06Z","timestamp":1591956186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["CIDO, a community-based ontology for coronavirus disease knowledge and data integration, sharing, and analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edison","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingtong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Huffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Beverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junguk","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luonan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert S.","family":"Omenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Athey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"523_CR1","first-page":"S90","volume":"5","author":"R Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu, R. Chance missed, but still there! Memoirs at the 10(th) anniversary of 2003 SARS outbreak. J. Thorac. Dis. 5(Suppl 2), S90\u201393 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"523_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43586-9","volume":"9","author":"S Bernard-Stoecklin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernard-Stoecklin, S. et al. Comparative Analysis of Eleven Healthcare-Associated Outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017. Sci. Rep. 9, 7385 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"523_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D991","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193","volume":"41","author":"T Barrett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrett, T. et al. NCBI GEO: archive for functional genomics data sets\u2013update. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, D991\u2013995 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"523_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2012.1505","volume":"1","author":"R Higdon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Higdon, R. et al. Unraveling the Complexities of Life Sciences Data. Big Data 1, 42\u201350 (2013).","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"523_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","volume":"25","author":"M Ashburner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner, M. et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat. Genet. 25, 25\u201329 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"523_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbr002","volume":"12","author":"L du Plessis","year":"2011","unstructured":"du Plessis, L., Skunca, N. & Dessimoz, C. The what, where, how and why of gene ontology\u2013a primer for bioinformaticians. Brief. Bioinform. 12, 723\u2013735 (2011).","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"523_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W541","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr469","volume":"39","author":"PL Whetzel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whetzel, P. L. et al. BioPortal: enhanced functionality via new Web services from the National Center for Biomedical Ontology to access and use ontologies in software applications. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, W541\u2013545 (2011).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"523_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1071","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1011","volume":"43","author":"WA Kibbe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kibbe, W. A. et al. Disease Ontology 2015 update: an expanded and updated database of human diseases for linking biomedical knowledge through disease data. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, D1071\u20131078 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"523_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.05.020","volume":"97","author":"T Groza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Groza, T. et al. The Human Phenotype Ontology: Semantic Unification of Common and Rare Disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 97, 111\u2013124 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"523_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1214","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1031","volume":"44","author":"J Hastings","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hastings, J. et al. ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, D1214\u20131219 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"523_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0154556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154556","volume":"11","author":"A Bandrowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bandrowski, A. et al. The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations. PloS One 11, e0154556 (2016).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"523_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babcock, S., Beverley, J., Cowell, L. G. & Smith, B. The Infectious Disease Ontology in the Age of COVID-19. Preprint at, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/az6u5 (2020).","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/az6u5"},{"key":"523_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18","volume":"3","author":"MD Wilkinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilkinson, M. D. et al. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci. Data 3, 160018 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"523_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1346","volume":"25","author":"B Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, B. et al. The OBO Foundry: coordinated evolution of ontologies to support biomedical data integration. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 1251\u20131255 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"523_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13326-017-0169-2","volume":"9","author":"Y He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He, Y. et al. The eXtensible ontology development (XOD) principles and tool implementation to support ontology interoperability. J. Biomed. Semant. 9, 3 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Semant."},{"key":"523_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arp, R., Smith, B. & Spear, A. D. Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology. (Cambridge, MA, USA, 2015).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262527811.001.0001"},{"key":"523_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Ontological and bioinformatic analysis of anti-coronavirus drugs and their Implication for drug repurposing against COVID-19. Preprint at, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202003.0413.v1 (2020).","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0413.v1"},{"key":"523_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ong, E., Wong, M. U., Huffman, A. & He, Y. COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine design using reverse vaccinology and machine learning. Preprint at, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.20.000141 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.20.000141"},{"key":"523_CR19","unstructured":"Carter, J. S. et al. Categorical information in pharmaceutical terminologies. In AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc. 116\u2013120 (2006)."},{"key":"523_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13326-017-0121-5","volume":"8","author":"WR Hogan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hogan, W. R. et al. Therapeutic indications and other use-case-driven updates in the drug ontology: anti-malarials, anti-hypertensives, opioid analgesics, and a large term request. J. Biomed. Semant. 8, 10 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Semant."},{"key":"523_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-175","volume":"3","author":"Z Xiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xiang, Z., Courtot, M., Brinkman, R. R., Ruttenberg, A. & He, Y. OntoFox: web-based support for ontology reuse. BMC Res. Notes 3, 175 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"523_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-1480-2-S2-S8","volume":"2","author":"A Ozgur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ozgur, A., Xiang, Z., Radev, D. R. & He, Y. Mining of vaccine-associated IFN-gamma gene interaction networks using the Vaccine Ontology. J. Biomed. Semant. 2(Suppl 2), S8 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Semant."},{"key":"523_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbs053","volume":"14","author":"R Hoehndorf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoehndorf, R., Dumontier, M. & Gkoutos, G. V. Evaluation of research in biomedical ontologies. Brief. Bioinform. 14, 696\u2013712 (2013).","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"523_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615014","volume":"379","author":"MA Haendel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haendel, M. A., Chute, C. G. & Robinson, P. N. Classification, Ontology, and Precision. Medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 1452\u20131462 (2018).","journal-title":"Medicine. N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-020-0523-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-020-0523-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-020-0523-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T05:01:16Z","timestamp":1670302876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-020-0523-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-020-0523-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-4463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"181"}}