{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:56:57Z","timestamp":1793728617349,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AR072989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AR072989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AR072989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AR072989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AR072989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AR072989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Data"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Models and simulations of human function impact medicine and medical technology. Particularly, musculoskeletal modeling provides an avenue for insight into the human body, which might not be otherwise possible. However, reaching the ultimate goal of functional multi-scale human models has been slowed by the lack of freely available datasets of anatomical models and geometries. Moreover, female-specific geometries have been neglected with a widespread emphasis on male geometry. To help realize this goal, we have developed and shared complete three-dimensional musculoskeletal geometries extracted from the National Libraries of Medicine Visible Human Female and Male cryosections. Muscle, bone, cartilage, ligament, and fat from the pelvis to the ankle were digitized and exported. These geometries provide a foundation for continued work in human musculoskeletal simulation with high-fidelity deformable tissues that enable a better understanding of normal function and the evaluation of pathologies and treatments. This work is novel as it includes both the male and female Visible Human specimens, outputs at multiple levels of post-processing for maximum data reuse, and is publicly available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01905-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T07:03:04Z","timestamp":1674025384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Three Dimensional Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Geometry of the Visible Human Female and Male"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9787-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thor E.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Hume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon D.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean E.","family":"Higinbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3377-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin B.","family":"Shelburne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1905_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV-BIOENG-071516-044738","volume":"19","author":"SA Maas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maas, S. A., Ateshian, G. A. & Weiss, J. A. FEBio: History and Advances. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 19, 279\u2013299, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/ANNUREV-BIOENG-071516-044738 (2017).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2019.08.002","volume":"74","author":"RJ Cooper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cooper, R. J., Wilcox, R. K. & Jones, A. C. Finite element models of the tibiofemoral joint: A review of validation approaches and modelling challenges. Med. Eng. Phys. 74, 1\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2019.08.002 (2019).","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1905_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2015.1015000","volume":"16","author":"M Iwamoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iwamoto, M., Nakahira, Y. & Kimpara, H. Development and Validation of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Toward Further Understanding of Occupant Injury Mechanisms in Precrash and During Crash. Traffic Inj. Prev. 16(Suppl 1), S36\u2013S48, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15389588.2015.1015000 (2015).","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"1905_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/S11914-021-00690-Y","volume":"19","author":"GS Lewis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lewis, G. S., Mischler, D., Wee, H., Reid, J. S. & Varga, P. Finite Element Analysis of Fracture Fixation. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 19, 403\u2013416, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11914-021-00690-Y (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"1905_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/CA.10062","volume":"16","author":"H Jastrow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jastrow, H. & Vollrath, L. Teaching and learning gross anatomy using modern electronic media based on the visible human project. Clin. Anat. 16, 44\u201354, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CA.10062 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"1905_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scheepers, F., Parent, R. E., Carlson, W. E. & May, S. F. Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature. in Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1997 163\u2013172, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/258734.258827 (Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 1997).","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258827"},{"key":"1905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2017.2722420","volume":"10","author":"SN Makarov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Makarov, S. N. et al. Virtual Human Models for Electromagnetic Studies and Their Applications. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 10, 95\u2013121, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RBME.2017.2722420 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1905_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spitzer, V. M. & Whitlock, D. G. The Visible Human Dataset: the anatomical platform for human simulation. Anat. Rec. 253, 49\u201357, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199804)253:2<49::AID-AR8>3.0.CO;2-9 (1998).","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199804)253:2<49::AID-AR8>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"1905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI210988","volume":"86","author":"MJ Ackerman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ackerman, M. J. The Visible Human Project. Proc. IEEE 86, 504\u2013511, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/SHTI210988 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"1905_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7591444","volume":"2016-Octob","author":"JW Massey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Massey, J. W. & Yilmaz, A. E. AustinMan and AustinWoman: High-fidelity, anatomical voxel models developed from the VHP color images. Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. EMBS 2016-Octob, 3346\u20133349, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7591444 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. EMBS"},{"key":"1905_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024","volume":"54","author":"SL Delp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delp, S. L. et al. OpenSim: Open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54, 1940\u20131950, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1905_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andreassen, T. E., Hume, D. R., Hamilton, L. D., Higinbotham, S. E. & Shelburne, K. B. An Automated Process for 2D and 3D Finite Element Overclosure and Gap Adjustment using Radial Basis Function Networks. 1\u201313, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2209.06948 (2022).","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2209.06948"},{"key":"1905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56902\/COB.vh.2022.0","author":"TE Andreassen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andreassen, T. E. et al. 3D Models of the Visible Human Male and Female. Digital Commons https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56902\/COB.vh.2022.0 (2022)."},{"key":"1905_CR14","unstructured":"Frank, H. N. Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy 7th Ed 2018. (2018)."},{"key":"1905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118500484","author":"P Fleckenstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fleckenstein, P., Tranum-Jensen, J. & Myschetzky, P. S. Anatomy in Diagnostic Imaging. Anat. Diagnostic Imaging https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118500484 (2014).","journal-title":"Anat. Diagnostic Imaging"},{"key":"1905_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MRI.2012.05.001","volume":"30","author":"A Fedorov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorov, A. et al. 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn. Reson. Imaging 30, 1323\u20131341, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MRI.2012.05.001 (2012).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Scientific Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-022-01905-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-022-01905-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-022-01905-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T07:11:28Z","timestamp":1674025888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-022-01905-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-022-01905-2","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.56902\/COB.vh.2022.0","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2052-4463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}