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Studies that previously used self-reported race as a proxy variable for skin tone cannot account for skin tone variabilities within race groups. This study aimed to create a unique baseline dataset that included skin tone and electronic health record (EHR) data to better evaluate health disparities associated with pulse oximetry. We collected skin tone data at 16 different body locations using multiple devices, including administered visual scales, colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and photography via mobile phone cameras. All patients\u2019 data were converted into a common data model and de-identified before publication in PhysioNet. We assessed 167 features per skin location on 128 patients linked with their EHR data, such as laboratory data, vital sign recordings, and demographic information. We also include 2,438 images from mobile phones to assist in developing artificial intelligence tools to combat health disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-06457-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T09:47:43Z","timestamp":1769593663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skin tone and clinical dataset from a prospective trial on acute care patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8905-005X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sicheng","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0565-4543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Alwakeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1557-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared","family":"Houghtaling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Gichoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Kibbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pencina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An-Kwok Ian","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6457_CR1","unstructured":"Center for Devices & Radiological Health. Pulse Oximeters. U.S. Food and Drug Administration https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/products-and-medical-procedures\/pulse-oximeters (2024)."},{"key":"6457_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.02.004","volume":"107","author":"ED Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan, E. D., Chan, M. M. & Chan, M. M. Pulse oximetry: understanding its basic principles facilitates appreciation of its limitations. Respir. Med. 107, 789\u2013799 (2013).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"6457_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, A. et al. Analysis of discrepancies between pulse oximetry and arterial oxygen saturation measurements by race and ethnicity and association with organ dysfunction and mortality. JAMA Netw. 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AIW is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute under R01HL177003 and REACH Equity under the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) of the National Institutes of Health under U54MD012530. Dr. Gichoya is a 2022 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program and declares support from RSNA Health Disparities grant (#EIHD2204), Lacuna Fund (#67), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NIH (NIBIB) MIDRC grant under contracts 75N92020C00008 and 75N92020C00021, and NHLBI Award Number R01HL167811.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}