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Current emission factors often overlook regional heterogeneity. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study takes Shandong Province, a typical region in China, as a case study. Considering the difference in geography, history, culture, and economic development, Shandong is divided into five subregions: Eastern, Western, Southern, Northern, and Central Shandong. This study developed a fundamental carbon footprint dataset of concrete by collecting 993 mix proportions of strength grades (C25-C60) from field surveys over the past five years. Statistical analysis showed that raw material dosages followed normal distributions (Kolmogorov-Smirnovtest, p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), while transportation distances and electricity consumption followed lognormal distributions. Based on statistical characteristics, a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations was conducted to establish a stochastic model for carbon emissions accounting. Model performance was validated against survey data, achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.89% and a coefficient of determination (R\u00b2) of 0.9904. Sensitivity analysis identified cement dosage as the key driver of emissions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-026-06789-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T10:14:45Z","timestamp":1771323285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbon footprint dataset of concrete based on field surveys at commercial mixing plants in Shandong, China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ditao","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingbing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"6789_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2014.02.004","volume":"40","author":"CR Gagg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gagg, C. 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