{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:44:38Z","timestamp":1793411078797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000923","name":"Silicon Valley Community Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-329644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-329644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Data"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-026-06876-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T04:47:11Z","timestamp":1771908431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["3D+t human sperm flagellum centerline dataset"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2206-3489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haydee O.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Bribiesca-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan Sidney","family":"D\u00edaz-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Darszon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5979-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Corkidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"6876_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-05177-4","volume":"12","author":"F Montoya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Montoya, F. et al. 3D+t Multifocal Imaging Dataset of Human Sperm. Sci Data 12, 814, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-025-05177-4 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"6876_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15299846","author":"P Hernandez-Herrera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hernandez-Herrera, P. et al. 3D-SpermFlagella: 3D+t human sperm flagellum centerline dataset [Data set]. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15299846 (2025)."},{"issue":"1","key":"6876_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01462-y","volume":"8","author":"G Saggiorato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saggiorato, G. et al. Human sperm steer with second harmonics of the flagellar beat. Nature communications 8(1), 1415 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"6876_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010203","volume":"12","author":"M Nassir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nassir, M., Levi, M. & Shaked, N. T. Dynamic 3D Modeling for Human Sperm Motility through the Female Cervical Canal and Uterine Cavity to Predict Sperm Chance of Reaching the Oocyte. Cells 12(1), 203 (2023).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"6876_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101089","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202101089","volume":"6","author":"S Powar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Powar, S. et al. Unraveling the kinematics of sperm motion by reconstructing the flagellar wave motion in 3d. Small Methods 6(3), 2101089 (2022).","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"6876_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epje\/s10189-021-00076-z","volume":"44","author":"A Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong, A. et al. Reconstruction of the three-dimensional beat pattern underlying swimming behaviors of sperm. The European Physical Journal E 44(7), 87 (2021).","journal-title":"The European Physical Journal E"},{"issue":"3","key":"6876_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgad072","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad072","volume":"2","author":"MT Gallagher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gallagher, M. T., Kirkman-Brown, J. C. & Smith, D. J. Axonemal regulation by curvature explains sperm flagellar waveform modulation. PNAS nexus 2(3), pgad072 (2023).","journal-title":"PNAS nexus"},{"key":"6876_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Guerrero, D. S. et al. Computation of Human-Sperm Local Flagellar Instantaneous Velocity. In Congreso Nacional de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica (pp. 59-66). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (2023, October).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-46933-6_7"},{"key":"6876_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bribiesca-S\u00e1nchez, A. et al. Artifacts generated by the 3D rotation of a freely-swimming human sperm in the measurement of intracellular Ca2+. In Congreso Nacional de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica (pp. 355-362). Cham: Springer International Publishing (2022, October).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-18256-3_39"},{"issue":"1","key":"6876_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006691","volume":"15","author":"C Alqu\u00e9zar-Baeta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alqu\u00e9zar-Baeta, C. et al. OpenCASA: A new open-source and scalable tool for sperm quality analysis. PLoS computational biology 15(1), e1006691 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS computational biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"6876_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200769","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.200769","volume":"7","author":"BJ Walker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walker, B. J., Phuyal, S., Ishimoto, K., Tung, C. K. & Gaffney, E. A. Computer-assisted beat-pattern analysis and the flagellar waveforms of bovine spermatozoa. Royal Society open science 7(6), 200769 (2020).","journal-title":"Royal Society open science"},{"issue":"170","key":"6876_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200525","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2020.0525","volume":"17","author":"JS Guasto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guasto, J. S. et al. Flagellar kinematics reveals the role of environment in shaping sperm motility. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 17(170), 20200525 (2020).","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"6876_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01197-8","volume":"22","author":"C Tufoni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tufoni, C. et al. Flagellar beating forces of human spermatozoa with different motility behaviors. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 22(1), 28 (2024).","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"6876_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300928","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300928","volume":"8","author":"F Yazdan Parast","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yazdan Parast, F. et al. Viscous loading regulates the flagellar energetics of human and bull sperm. Small Methods 8(7), 2300928 (2024).","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"6876_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15030305","volume":"15","author":"L Hackerova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hackerova, L. et al. Boar Sperm Motility Assessment Using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis: Current Practices, Limitations, and Methodological Challenges. Animals 15(3), 305 (2025).","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"6876_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2015.08.013","volume":"122","author":"F Ghasemian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghasemian, F., Mirroshandel, S. A., Monji-Azad, S., Azarnia, M. & Zahiri, Z. An efficient method for automatic morphological abnormality detection from human sperm images. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 122(3), 409\u2013420 (2015).","journal-title":"Computer methods and programs in biomedicine"},{"key":"6876_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.04.030","volume":"109","author":"S Javadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javadi, S. & Mirroshandel, S. A. A novel deep learning method for automatic assessment of human sperm images. Computers in biology and medicine 109, 182\u2013194 (2019).","journal-title":"Computers in biology and medicine"},{"key":"6876_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.10.009","volume":"91","author":"F Shaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaker, F., Monadjemi, S. A., Alirezaie, J. & Naghsh-Nilchi, A. R. A dictionary learning approach for human sperm heads classification. Computers in biology and medicine 91, 181\u2013190 (2017).","journal-title":"Computers in biology and medicine"},{"key":"6876_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-02101-y","volume":"58","author":"HO Ilhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ilhan, H. O., Sigirci, I. O., Serbes, G. & Aydin, N. A fully automated hybrid human sperm detection and classification system based on mobile-net and the performance comparison with conventional methods. Medical & biological engineering & computing 58, 1047\u20131068 (2020).","journal-title":"Medical & biological engineering & computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"6876_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02173-4","volume":"10","author":"V Thambawita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thambawita, V. et al. VISEM-Tracking, a human spermatozoa tracking dataset. Scientific Data 10(1), 1\u20138 (2023).","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"issue":"15","key":"6876_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay7619","volume":"6","author":"G Dardikman-Yoffe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dardikman-Yoffe, G., Mirsky, S. K., Barnea, I. & Shaked, N. T. High-resolution 4-D acquisition of freely swimming human sperm cells without staining. Science advances 6(15), eaay7619 (2020).","journal-title":"Science advances"},{"key":"6876_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.03.004","volume":"83","author":"V Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang, V., Garcia, A., Hitschfeld, N. & H\u00e4rtel, S. Gold-standard for computer-assisted morphological sperm analysis. Computers in biology and medicine 83, 143\u2013150 (2017).","journal-title":"Computers in biology and medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"6876_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.189","volume":"373","author":"G Corkidi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Corkidi, G., Taboada, B., Wood, C. D., Guerrero, A. & Darszon, A. Tracking sperm in three dimensions. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 373(1), 125\u2013129 (2008).","journal-title":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"key":"6876_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bribiesca-S\u00e1nchez, A. et al. A Three-Dimensional Extension of the Slope Chain Code: Analyzing the Tortuosity of the Flagellar Beat of Human Sperm (2023).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3694554\/v1"},{"key":"6876_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, H. O. et al. Feature-based 3D+ t descriptors of hyperactivated human sperm beat patterns. Heliyon, 10(5) (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26645"},{"key":"6876_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, H. O. et al. 3D+ t feature-based descriptor for unsupervised flagellar human sperm beat classification. In 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 488-492). IEEE (2022, July).","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC48229.2022.9871419"},{"key":"6876_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n, A., Darszon, A., Corkidi, G. & Bribiesca, E. A Measure of Tortuosity for 3D Curves: Identifying 3D Beating Patterns of Sperm. In Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis: 11th Iberian Conference, IbPRIA 2023, Alicante, Spain, June 27\u201330, 2023, Proceedings (Vol. 14062, p. 363). Springer Nature (2023, June).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36616-1_29"},{"key":"6876_CR28","unstructured":"The MathWorks Inc. MATLAB version: 24.1.0 (R2024a), Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc. https:\/\/www.mathworks.com (2024)."},{"issue":"10","key":"6876_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2840047","volume":"37","author":"P Hernandez-Herrera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hernandez-Herrera, P., Montoya, F., Rend\u00f3n-Mancha, J. M., Darszon, A. & Corkidi, G. 3-D +T Human Sperm Flagellum Tracing in Low SNR Fluorescence Images. IEEE transactions on medical imaging 37(10), 2236\u20132247 (2018).","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging"},{"key":"6876_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-014-9253-2","volume":"13","author":"A Santamar\u00eda-Pang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santamar\u00eda-Pang, A., Hernandez-Herrera, P., Papadakis, M., Saggau, P. & Kakadiaris, I. A. Automatic morphological reconstruction of neurons from multiphoton and confocal microscopy images using 3D tubular models. Neuroinformatics 13, 297\u2013320 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"6876_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01105-7","volume":"18","author":"C Arshadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arshadi, C., G\u00fcnther, U., Eddison, M., Harrington, K. I. & Ferreira, T. A. SNT: a unifying toolbox for quantification of neuronal anatomy. Nature methods 18(4), 374\u2013377 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature methods"},{"key":"6876_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.18434653","author":"P Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrera","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrera, P. et al. Supplementary videos for 3D-SpermFlagella dataset. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18434653 (2026)."},{"key":"6876_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106350","volume":"220","author":"G van der Horst","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Horst, G. Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) in domestic animals: Current status, three D tracking and flagellar analysis. Animal reproduction science 220, 106350 (2020).","journal-title":"Animal reproduction science"}],"container-title":["Scientific Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-026-06876-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-026-06876-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-026-06876-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:14:55Z","timestamp":1774984495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-026-06876-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-026-06876-2","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.15299846","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.18434653","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2052-4463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that they have no financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work presented in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"505"}}