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Brain organoids were derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines: Q83X, carrying a nonsense mutation in MECP2 from a male patient with Rett syndrome, and WT83, derived from the patient\u2019s unaffected familial control. Rett syndrome is a severe X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in MECP2, which encodes Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, a critical epigenetic regulator. The spaceflight experiment was conducted using cryovials with automated control maintenance. Deep proteome coverage with approximately 6,000 protein groups was inferred from 56,639 peptides. This dataset provides unique insights into how the space environment affects human neural tissue and MECP2-related pathologies, serving as a resource for understanding spaceflight-induced neurological changes and as a steppingstone for future space missions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-026-06881-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T10:26:31Z","timestamp":1771496791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Proteomic dataset of MECP2-deficient and wild-type human brain organoids under spaceflight and ground conditions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aline M. A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo G","family":"Biagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake L.","family":"Tsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"de Saldanha da Gama Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Bulcao Vieira","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Costa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alysson R.","family":"Muotri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6881_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/13810","volume":"23","author":"RE Amir","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amir, R. 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Wide spectrum of neuronal and network phenotypes in human stem cell-derived excitatory neurons with Rett syndrome-associated MECP2 mutations. Transl Psychiatry 12, 450 (2022).","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"6881_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012523","volume":"13","author":"CA Trujillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trujillo, C. A. et al. Pharmacological reversal of synaptic and network pathology in human MECP2 \u2010KO neurons and cortical organoids. EMBO Mol Med 13, e12523 (2021).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"6881_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.016","volume":"143","author":"MCN Marchetto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marchetto, M. C. N. et al. A Model for Neural Development and Treatment of Rett Syndrome Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell 143, 527\u2013539 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6881_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00005.2019","volume":"34","author":"JW Adams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adams, J. W., Cugola, F. R. & Muotri, A. R. Brain Organoids as Tools for Modeling Human Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Physiology 34, 365\u2013375 (2019).","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"6881_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.09.005","volume":"24","author":"CA Trujillo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trujillo, C. A. & Muotri, A. R. Brain Organoids and the Study of Neurodevelopment. Trends in Molecular Medicine 24, 982\u2013990 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"6881_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szae070","volume":"13","author":"D Marotta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marotta, D. et al. Effects of microgravity on human iPSC-derived neural organoids on the International Space Station. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 13, 1186\u20131197 (2024).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"key":"6881_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14460","volume":"47","author":"L Coelho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coelho, L. & Muotri, A. R. Cortical brain organoid as a model to study microgravity exposure. Artificial Organs 47, 5\u20137 (2023).","journal-title":"Artificial Organs"},{"key":"6881_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-00994-0","volume":"19","author":"MQ Fitzgerald","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, M. Q. et al. Generation of \u2018semi-guided\u2019 cortical organoids with complex neural oscillations. Nat Protoc 19, 2712\u20132738 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"6881_CR12","unstructured":"Bulc\u00e3o Vieira Coelho, L. 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The original article has been corrected.","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Muotri has several patents related to brain organogenesis and its applications. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"486"}}