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However, standardized datasets, transparent annotation schemes and reproducible benchmarks for social-behavior classification remain limited. Here, we present a curated video dataset of rat social interactions recorded under the resident-intruder paradigm. The dataset covers non-social, social and aggressive behaviors, with aggression-related episodes further annotated into ethologically defined fine-grained subtypes. To support automated analysis of these dynamic and contact-rich interactions, we provide a reproducible pose-based workflow that converts DeepLabCut-derived body-part trajectories into structured features describing individual movement and inter-animal spatial relationships. Using this feature representation, we benchmark representative traditional machine learning and deep learning models under a unified evaluation protocol. These benchmarks provide reference performance for both coarse-grained social behavioral classification and fine-grained aggression-related behavior recognition, while documenting differences in class-wise performance, training efficiency and model complexity. Together, this dataset and workflow provide an open resource for developing, evaluating and comparing automated methods for rat social-interaction analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-026-07888-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:14:42Z","timestamp":1784643282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Benchmark Dataset for Rat Social and Aggressive Behavior Classification"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xutian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingkun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuoren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"7888_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1327","volume":"7","author":"LJ Young","year":"2004","unstructured":"Young, L. 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