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Yet, the cellular composition and transcriptional landscape of normal equine skin have never been characterized at single-cell resolution. Here, we present a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of healthy equine skin comprising 85,574 high-quality transcriptomes from two horses, with one skin biopsy collected from each horse, divided into two portions for independent processing via manual or automated tissue dissociation. The dataset resolved 22 transcriptionally distinct cell populations, encompassing keratinocyte subpopulations that reflect discrete epidermal differentiation states, adnexal epithelial lineages, stromal and vascular compartments, and resident immune cell types. Cell-type identities are supported by marker gene expression, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and functional module scoring. This dataset constitutes the first single-cell transcriptomic reference of normal equine skin, enabling investigations into equine dermatological diseases, wound healing, immune responses and comparative skin biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-026-08404-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:44:09Z","timestamp":1790775849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A single-cell RNA-seq dataset characterizing cellular diversity in healthy equine skin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6628-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Akula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9766-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miia","family":"Riihim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Wernersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"8404_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scott, D. W. & Miller, W. H. in Equine Dermatology (Second Edition) (eds Danny W. Scott & William H. Miller) 1\u201334 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0920-9.00001-9 (W.B. Saunders, 2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0920-9.00001-9"},{"key":"8404_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12444","volume":"28","author":"MM Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M. M. & Grinwis, G. C. M. Basics of equine dermatology. Equine Veterinary Education 28, 520\u2013529 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eve.12444 (2016).","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Education"},{"key":"8404_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.03.010","volume":"218","author":"E J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, E., Lazzarini, G., Pirone, A., Jacobsen, S. & Miragliotta, V. Normal microscopic anatomy of equine body and limb skin: A morphological and immunohistochemical study. Ann Anat 218, 205\u2013212 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.03.010 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"8404_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249444","volume":"33","author":"A van der Haegen","year":"2001","unstructured":"van der Haegen, A. et al. Immunoglobulin-E-bearing cells in skin biopsies of horses with insect bite hypersensitivity. Equine Vet J 33, 699\u2013706 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2746\/042516401776249444 (2001).","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"8404_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13168","volume":"34","author":"R Marsella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marsella, R. et al. Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol 34, 175\u2013208 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vde.13168 (2023).","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"8404_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0232189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232189","volume":"15","author":"I Cvitas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cvitas, I. et al. Investigating the epithelial barrier and immune signatures in the pathogenesis of equine insect bite hypersensitivity. PLoS One 15, e0232189 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232189 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"8404_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006039","volume":"37","author":"B Wagner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wagner, B. et al. IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse. Vet Res 37, 813\u2013825 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/vetres:2006039 (2006).","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"8404_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.11.016","volume":"140","author":"M Heimann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heimann, M. et al. Skin-infiltrating T cells and cytokine expression in Icelandic horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity: a possible role for regulatory T cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 140, 63\u201374 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.11.016 (2011).","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"8404_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.01.041","volume":"142","author":"A Fettelschoss-Gabriel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fettelschoss-Gabriel, A. et al. Treating insect-bite hypersensitivity in horses with active vaccination against IL-5. J Allergy Clin Immunol 142, 1194\u20131205.e1193 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.01.041 (2018).","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8404_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1414891","volume":"15","author":"F Jebbawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jebbawi, F. et al. Cytokines and chemokines skin gene expression in correlation with immune cells in blood and severity in equine insect bite hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 15, 1414891 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1414891 (2024).","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8404_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-019-00279-w","volume":"8","author":"S Jonsdottir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonsdottir, S. et al. New Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses. 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