{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T18:12:51Z","timestamp":1778263971475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transgenic Huntington\u2019s disease monkey (HD monkey) model provides great opportunity for studying disease progression that could lead to new insight for developing biomarker, early intervention and novel therapeutics. Whole brain white matter integrity of HD-monkeys was examined longitudinally from 6 to 48 months using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Progressive developmental white matter alterations in HD monkeys were widespread and were observed not only in fiber bundles connecting cortical areas to the striatum (e.g. striatal bundle and external capsule), but also in long association fiber pathways, commissural fibers, and subcortical fiber bundle. In all fiber tracts, the data indicate an arrest in white matter development around 23 months followed by slight decline until adulthood in HD monkeys. The microstructural changes parallel the progressive motor, memory and cognitive decline previously reported as HD monkeys aged. The findings revealed the widespread progressive temporal-spatial microstructural changes in HD monkey brains from infancy to adulthood, suggesting differentiated degenerations across different brain areas during brain development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00381-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T16:45:48Z","timestamp":1489769148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Developmental Whole Brain White Matter Alterations in Transgenic Huntington\u2019s Disease Monkey"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocelyne","family":"Bachevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony W. S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","volume":"72","author":"ME Macdonald","year":"1993","unstructured":"Macdonald, M. E. et al. A Novel Gene Containing a Trinucleotide Repeat That Is Expanded and Unstable on Huntingtons-Disease Chromosomes. Cell \n                           72, 971\u2013983 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"381_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.24","volume":"10","author":"CA Ross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ross, C. A. et al. Huntington disease: natural history, biomarkers and prospects for therapeutics. Nat Rev Neurol \n                           10, 204\u2013216 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"381_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200101)49:1<29::AID-ANA7>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"49","author":"E Gomez-Tortosa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gomez-Tortosa, E. et al. Quantitative neuropathological changes in presymptomatic Huntington\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol \n                           49, 29\u201334 (2001).","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"381_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.11.009","volume":"52","author":"MJ Novak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Novak, M. J. et al. White matter integrity in premanifest and early Huntington\u2019s disease is related to caudate loss and disease progression. Cortex \n                           52, 98\u2013112 (2014).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"381_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109676","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109676","volume":"9","author":"O Phillips","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips, O. et al. Deep white matter in Huntington\u2019s disease. PLOS One \n                           9, e109676 (2014).","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"381_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308679101","volume":"101","author":"NS Wexler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wexler, N. S. & Res, U. V. C. Venezuelan kindreds reveal that genetic and environmental factors modulate Huntington\u2019s disease age of onset. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA \n                           101, 3498\u20133503 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"381_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10691","volume":"54","author":"A Rosenblatt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosenblatt, A. et al. Predictors of neuropathological severity in 100 patients with Huntington\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol \n                           54, 488\u2013493 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"381_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122335","volume":"10","author":"AW Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan, A. W. et al. Progressive cognitive deficit, motor impairment and striatal pathology in a transgenic huntington disease monkey model from infancy to adulthood. PLoS One \n                           10, e0122335 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"381_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3570","volume":"14","author":"MA Pouladi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pouladi, M. A., Morton, A. J. & Hayden, M. R. Choosing an animal model for the study of Huntington\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci \n                           14, 708\u2013721 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"381_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.48.4.356","volume":"48","author":"S Ramaswamy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramaswamy, S., McBride, J. L. & Kordower, J. H. Animal models of Huntington\u2019s disease. ILAR J \n                           48, 356\u2013373 (2007).","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"381_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181733ef8","volume":"106","author":"AW Loepke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loepke, A. W., McGowan, F. X. Jr. & Soriano, S. G. CON: The toxic effects of anesthetics in the developing brain: the clinical perspective. Anesth Analg \n                           106, 1664\u20131669 (2008).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"381_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.01.008","volume":"34","author":"MG Paule","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paule, M. G. et al. Behavioral toxicology of cognition: extrapolation from experimental animal models to humans: behavioral toxicology symposium overview. Neurotoxicol Teratol \n                           34, 263\u2013273 (2012).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"381_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.10.001","volume":"48","author":"M Thiebaut de Schotten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thiebaut de Schotten, M., Dell\u2019Acqua, F., Valabregue, R. & Catani, M. Monkey to human comparative anatomy of the frontal lobe association tracts. Cortex \n                           48, 82\u201396 (2012).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"381_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.11.006","volume":"11","author":"K Nakahara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakahara, K., Adachi, Y., Osada, T. & Miyashita, Y. Exploring the neural basis of cognition: multi-modal links between human fMRI and macaque neurophysiology. Trends Cogn Sci \n                           11, 84\u201392 (2007).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"381_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0285","volume":"5","author":"Y Meng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meng, Y. & Zhang, X. Transcallosal connectivity changes from infancy to late adulthood: an ex vivo diffusion spectrum imaging study of macaque brains. Brain Connect \n                           5, 147\u2013155 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"381_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.10.003","volume":"26","author":"SN Haber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haber, S. N. The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks. J Chem Neuroanat \n                           26, 317\u2013330 (2003).","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"381_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-15-36","volume":"15","author":"AW Chan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chan, A. W. et al. A two years longitudinal study of a transgenic Huntington disease monkey. BMC Neurosci \n                           15, 36 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"381_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.07.004","volume":"58","author":"J Raper","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raper, J. et al. Increased irritability, anxiety, and immune reactivity in transgenic Huntington\u2019s disease monkeys. Brain Behav Immun \n                           58, 181\u2013190 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"381_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1076","volume":"13","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Le Bihan, D. et al. Diffusion tensor imaging: Concepts and applications. J Magn Reson Imaging \n                           13, 534\u2013546 (2001).","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"381_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782","volume":"15","author":"C Beaulieu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beaulieu, C. The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system - a technical review. NMR Biomed \n                           15, 435\u2013455 (2002).","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"381_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1119","volume":"4","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le Bihan, D. Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI. Nat Rev Neurosci \n                           4, 469\u2013480 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"381_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1267","volume":"17","author":"SK Song","year":"2002","unstructured":"Song, S. K. et al. Dysmyelination revealed through MRI as increased radial (but unchanged axial) diffusion of water. Neuroimage \n                           17, 1429\u20131436 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"381_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.4.JNS112305","volume":"117","author":"S Osuka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Osuka, S. et al. Elevated diffusion anisotropy in gray matter and the degree of brain compression. J Neurosurg \n                           117, 363\u2013371 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"381_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.11.004","volume":"9","author":"HI Jacobs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jacobs, H. I. et al. Decreased gray matter diffusivity: a potential early Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarker? Alzheimers Dement \n                           9, 93\u201397 (2013).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"381_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.142786","volume":"81","author":"A Sritharan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sritharan, A. et al. A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study in symptomatic Huntington\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry \n                           81, 257\u2013262 (2010).","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"381_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.12.026","volume":"216","author":"KE Weaver","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weaver, K. E. et al. Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging in Huntington\u2019s Disease. Exp Neurol \n                           216, 525\u2013529 (2009).","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"381_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.01.013","volume":"65","author":"GR Poudel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poudel, G. R. et al. White matter connectivity reflects clinical and cognitive status in Huntington\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis \n                           65, 180\u2013187 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"381_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.11.009","volume":"52","author":"MJU Novak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Novak, M. J. U. et al. White matter integrity in premanifest and early Huntington\u2019s disease is related to caudate loss and disease progression. Cortex \n                           52, 98\u2013112 (2014).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"381_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD-150173","volume":"4","author":"S Gregory","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gregory, S. et al. Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Shows Progressive Changes in White Matter in Huntington\u2019s Disease. J Huntingtons Dis \n                           4, 333\u2013346 (2015).","journal-title":"J Huntingtons Dis"},{"key":"381_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.12.009","volume":"74","author":"GR Poudel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poudel, G. R. et al. Longitudinal change in white matter microstructure in Huntington\u2019s disease: The IMAGE-HD study. Neurobiol Dis \n                           74, 406\u2013412 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"381_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22835","volume":"36","author":"JT Matsui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsui, J. T. et al. Prefrontal cortex white matter tracts in prodromal Huntington disease. Hum Brain Mapp \n                           36, 3717\u20133732 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"381_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024","volume":"31","author":"SM Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith, S. M. et al. Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage \n                           31, 1487\u20131505 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"381_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173635","volume":"325","author":"RJ Colman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Colman, R. J. et al. Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys. Science \n                           325, 201\u2013204 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"381_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.04.001","volume":"58","author":"I Bohanna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bohanna, I., Georgiou-Karistianis, N., Hannan, A. J. & Egan, G. F. Magnetic resonance imaging as an approach towards identifying neuropathological biomarkers for Huntington\u2019s disease. Brain Res Rev \n                           58, 209\u2013225 (2008).","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"381_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000065888.88988.6E","volume":"60","author":"HD Rosas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosas, H. D. et al. Evidence for more widespread cerebral pathology in early HD: an MRI-based morphometric analysis. Neurology \n                           60, 1615\u20131620 (2003).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"381_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70263-0","volume":"11","author":"SJ Tabrizi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tabrizi, S. J. et al. Potential endpoints for clinical trials in premanifest and early Huntington\u2019s disease in the TRACK-HD study: analysis of 24 month observational data. Lancet Neurol \n                           11, 42\u201353 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"381_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.061","volume":"50","author":"AM Fjell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fjell, A. M. et al. When does brain aging accelerate? Dangers of quadratic fits in cross-sectional studies. Neuroimage \n                           50, 1376\u20131383 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"381_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.023","volume":"26","author":"JS Allen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allen, J. S., Bruss, J., Brown, C. K. & Damasio, H. Normal neuroanatomical variation due to age: the major lobes and a parcellation of the temporal region. Neurobiol Aging \n                           26, 1245\u20131260 (2005).","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"381_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10937","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5302-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"C Lebel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lebel, C. & Beaulieu, C. Longitudinal development of human brain wiring continues from childhood into adulthood. J Neurosci \n                           31, 10937\u201310947 (2011).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"381_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.072","volume":"52","author":"C Lebel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lebel, C., Caverhill-Godkewitsch, S. & Beaulieu, C. Age-related regional variations of the corpus callosum identified by diffusion tensor tractography. Neuroimage \n                           52, 20\u201331 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"381_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.187","volume":"32","author":"L Concha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Concha, L., Gross, D. W., Wheatley, B. M. & Beaulieu, C. Diffusion tensor imaging of time-dependent axonal and myelin degradation after corpus callosotomy in epilepsy patients. Neuroimage \n                           32, 1090\u20131099 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"381_CR42","unstructured":"Dale, P. et al. \n                           Neuroscience (4th ed.), 15\u201316 (Sinauer Associates, 2012)."},{"key":"381_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr372","volume":"23","author":"Y Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Diffusion tensor imaging-based characterization of brain neurodevelopment in primates. Cereb Cortex \n                           23, 36\u201348 (2013).","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"381_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90211-4","volume":"29","author":"TL Jernigan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jernigan, T. L., Salmon, D. P., Butters, N. & Hesselink, J. R. Cerebral structure on MRI, Part II: Specific changes in Alzheimer\u2019s and Huntington\u2019s diseases. Biol Psychiatry \n                           29, 68\u201381 (1991).","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"381_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310113","volume":"31","author":"GJ Harris","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harris, G. J. et al. Putamen volume reduction on magnetic resonance imaging exceeds caudate changes in mild Huntington\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol \n                           31, 69\u201375 (1992).","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"381_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.04.049","volume":"419","author":"SE Leh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leh, S. E., Ptito, A., Chakravarty, M. M. & Strafella, A. P. Fronto-striatal connections in the human brain: a probabilistic diffusion tractography study. Neurosci Lett \n                           419, 113\u2013118 (2007).","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"381_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129","volume":"35","author":"SN Haber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haber, S. N. & Knutson, B. The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology \n                           35, 4\u201326 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"381_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2002.0528","volume":"10","author":"V Macdonald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Macdonald, V. & Halliday, G. Pyramidal cell loss in motor cortices in Huntington\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis \n                           10, 378\u2013386 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"381_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1349","volume":"123","author":"AD Lawrence","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lawrence, A. D., Watkins, L. H., Sahakian, B. J., Hodges, J. R. & Robbins, T. W. Visual object and visuospatial cognition in Huntington\u2019s disease: implications for information processing in corticostriatal circuits. Brain \n                           123 (Pt 7), 1349\u20131364 (2000).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"381_CR50","first-page":"12","volume":"241","author":"J Bachevalier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bachevalier, J., Chi, T., Zhang, X. & Chan, A. W. Progressive behavioral and cognitive deficits in a primate model of Huntington disease. Soc Neurosci Abstr \n                           241, 12 (2012).","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"381_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000395","volume":"133","author":"M D\u2019Esposito","year":"2000","unstructured":"D\u2019Esposito, M., Postle, B. R. & Rypma, B. Prefrontal cortical contributions to working memory: evidence from event-related fMRI studies. Exp Brain Res \n                           133, 3\u201311 (2000).","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"381_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD-130077","volume":"2","author":"HE Crawford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crawford, H. E. et al. Corpus callosal atrophy in premanifest and early Huntington\u2019s disease. J Huntingtons Dis \n                           2, 517\u2013526 (2013).","journal-title":"J Huntingtons Dis"},{"key":"381_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.015","volume":"49","author":"HD Rosas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rosas, H. D. et al. Altered white matter microstructure in the corpus callosum in Huntington\u2019s disease: implications for cortical \u201cdisconnection\u201d. Neuroimage \n                           49, 2995\u20133004 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"381_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1595","volume":"13","author":"G Courtine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Courtine, G. et al. Can experiments in nonhuman primates expedite the translation of treatments for spinal cord injury in humans? Nat Med \n                           13, 561\u2013566 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"381_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11102","volume":"484","author":"J Rice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rice, J. Animal models: Not close enough. Nature \n                           484, S9\u2013S9 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"381_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-7-46","volume":"7","author":"J Kocerha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kocerha, J., Xu, Y., Prucha, M. S., Zhao, D. & Chan, A. W. MicroRNA-128a dysregulation in transgenic Huntington\u2019s disease monkeys. Mol Brain \n                           7, 46 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"381_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-88","volume":"14","author":"J Kocerha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kocerha, J. et al. Longitudinal transcriptomic dysregulation in the peripheral blood of transgenic Huntington\u2019s disease monkeys. BMC Neurosci \n                           14, 88 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"381_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.5.695","volume":"58","author":"HD Rosas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosas, H. D. et al. Regional and progressive thinning of the cortical ribbon in Huntington\u2019s disease. Neurology \n                           58, 695\u2013701 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"381_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm275","volume":"131","author":"S Kloppel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kloppel, S. et al. White matter connections reflect changes in voluntary-guided saccades in pre-symptomatic Huntington\u2019s disease. Brain \n                           131, 196\u2013204 (2008).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"381_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.165709","volume":"10","author":"KC Patra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patra, K. C. & Shirolkar, M. S. Childhood-onset (Juvenile) Huntington\u2019s disease: A rare case report. J Pediatr Neurosci \n                           10, 276\u2013279 (2015).","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"key":"381_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.2.7618569","volume":"165","author":"JP Comunale Jr.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Comunale, J. P. Jr., Heier, L. A. & Chutorian, A. M. Juvenile form of Huntington\u2019s disease: MR imaging appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol \n                           165, 414\u2013415 (1995).","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"381_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1159-y","volume":"34","author":"M Schapiro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schapiro, M., Cecil, K. M., Doescher, J., Kiefer, A. M. & Jones, B. V. MR imaging and spectroscopy in juvenile Huntington disease. Pediatr Radiol \n                           34, 640\u2013643 (2004).","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"381_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06975","volume":"453","author":"SH Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang, S. H. et al. Towards a transgenic model of Huntington\u2019s disease in a non-human primate. Nature \n                           453, 921\u2013924 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"381_CR64","unstructured":"Saleem, K. S. & Logothetis, N. K. A combined MRI and histology atlas of the rhesus monkey brain in stereotaxic coordinates. (Academic Press, 2006)."},{"key":"381_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmahmann, J. D. & Pandya, D. N. Fiber pathways of the brain. (Oxford University Press, 2006).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195104233.001.0001"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00381-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00381-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00381-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:17:17Z","timestamp":1671765437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00381-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-00381-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"379"}}