{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1793992726643,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is important to measure the radiation dose [3-mm dose equivalent, Hp(3)] in the eye. This study was to determine the current occupational radiation eye dose of staff conducting interventional cardiology procedures, using a novel direct eye dosimeter. We measured the occupational eye dose [Hp(3)] in physicians and nurses in a catheterization laboratory for 6-months. The eye doses [Hp(3)] of 12 physicians (9 with Pb glasses, 3 without), and 11 nurses were recorded using a novel direct eye dosimeter, the DOSIRIS<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>. We placed dosimeters above and under the glasses. We also estimated the eye dose [0.07-mm dose equivalent] using a neck personal dosimeter. The eye doses among interventional staff ranked in the following order: physicians without Pb glasses\u2009&gt;\u2009physicians with Pb glasses\u2009&gt;\u2009nurses. The shielding effect of the glasses (0.07-mm Pb) in a clinical setting was approximately 60%. In physicians who do not wear Pb glasses, the eye dose may exceed the new regulatory limit for IR staff. We found good correlations between the neck dosimeter dose and eye dosimeter dose (inside or outside glasses, R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.93 and R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.86, respectively) in physicians. We recommend that interventional physicians use an eye dosimeter for correct evaluation of the lens dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00556-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T16:29:50Z","timestamp":1490718590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Occupational eye dose in interventional cardiology procedures"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Haga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Chida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Kaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiichiro","family":"Meguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Zuguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"556_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W335","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.12029","volume":"202","author":"S Balter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balter, S. & Miller, D. L. Patient skin reactions from interventional fluoroscopy procedures. Am J Roentgenol. \n                           202, W335\u2013W342 (2014).","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"556_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2747","volume":"193","author":"K Chida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Radiation dose of interventional radiology system using a flat-panel detector. Am J Roentgenol. \n                           193, 1680\u20131685 (2009).","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"556_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5956","volume":"196","author":"LT Dauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dauer, L. T. et al. Fears, feelings, and facts: interactively communicating benefits and risks of medical radiation with patients. Am J Roentgenol. \n                           196, 756\u2013761 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"556_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2012.120192","volume":"53","author":"M Kato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kato, M. et al. The necessity of follow-up for radiation skin injuries in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions: radiation skin injuries will often be overlooked clinically. Acta Radiol. \n                           53, 1040\u20131044 (2012).","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"556_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1653","volume":"186","author":"K Chida","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Relationship between fluoroscopic time, dose\u2013area product, body weight, and maximum radiation skin dose in cardiac interventional procedures. Am J Roentgenol. \n                           186, 774\u2013778 (2006).","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"556_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6231","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i4.6231","volume":"17","author":"Y Inaba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Inaba, Y., Chida, K., Kobayashi, R. & Zuguchi, M. A cross-sectional study of the radiation dose and image quality of X-ray equipment used in IVR. J Appl Clin Med Phys. \n                           17, 6231 (2016).","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys."},{"key":"556_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.10.013","volume":"32","author":"K Chida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Real-time patient radiation dosimeter for use in interventional radiology. Phys Med. \n                           32, 1475\u20131478 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys Med."},{"key":"556_CR8","unstructured":"ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions, April 2011, http:\/\/www.icrp.org\/page.asp?id=123."},{"key":"556_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ICRP, ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions\/Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs, Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context. ICRP Publication 118. Ann. ICRP 41(1\/2) (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.02.001"},{"key":"556_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W900","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6396","volume":"197","author":"K Chida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Clarifying and visualizing sources of staff-received scattered radiation in interventional procedures. Am J Roentgenol. \n                           197, W900\u2013W903 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"556_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8455","volume":"200","author":"K Chida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Occupational dose in interventional radiology procedures. Am J Roentgenol. \n                           200, 138\u2013141 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"556_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncv368","volume":"170","author":"I Clairand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clairand, I. et al. First EURADOS intercomparison exercise of eye lens dosemeters for medical applications. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. \n                           170, 21\u201326 (2016).","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry."},{"key":"556_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20120289","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20120289","volume":"86","author":"U O\u2019Connor","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, U., Gallagher, A., Malone, L. & O\u2019Reilly, G. Occupational radiation dose to eyes from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures in light of the revised eye lens dose limit from the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Br J Radiol. \n                           86, 20120289 (2013).","journal-title":"Br J Radiol."},{"key":"556_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 85: avoidance of radiation injuries from medical interventional procedures. Ann ICRP; 30\/2:Publication 85 (2001).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6453(01)00004-5"},{"key":"556_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 120: Radiological protection in cardiology. Ann ICRP, 42, 1-125.6-81 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.09.001"},{"key":"556_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncn244","volume":"131","author":"M Zuguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zuguchi, M. et al. Usefulness of non-lead aprons in radiation protection for physicians performing interventional procedures. Radiat Prot Dosim. \n                           131, 531\u2013534 (2008).","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosim."},{"key":"556_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850802616745","volume":"50","author":"K Chida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Effect of radiation monitoring method and formula differences on estimated physician dose during percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Radiol. \n                           50, 170\u2013173 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"556_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guidelines for elective percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease (JCS 2011) published in 2012\u2013digest version. JCS Joint Working Group. Circ J. 77, 1590\u20131607 (2013).","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0065"},{"key":"556_CR19","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Implications for Occupational Radiation Protection of the New Dose Limit for the Lens of the Eye, IAEA TECDOC 1731 (2013)."},{"key":"556_CR20","unstructured":"ICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP 37 (2\u20134) (2007)."},{"key":"556_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2011.08.013","volume":"46","author":"F Vanhavere","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vanhavere, F. et al. Measurements of eye lens doses in interventional radiology and cardiology: Final results of the ORAMED project. Radiation Measurements \n                           46, 1243\u20131247 (2011).","journal-title":"Radiation Measurements"},{"key":"556_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/83222759","volume":"84","author":"EP Efstathopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Efstathopoulos, E. P. et al. Occupational radiation doses to the extremities and the eyes in interventional radiology and cardiology procedures. Br J Radiol. \n                           84, 70\u201377 (2011).","journal-title":"Br J Radiol."},{"key":"556_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/33\/2\/445","volume":"33","author":"CJ Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin, C. J. & Magee, J. S. Assessment of eye and body dose for interventional radiologists, cardiologists, and other interventional staff. J Radiol Prot. \n                           33, 445\u2013460 (2013).","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot."},{"key":"556_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/34\/3\/509","volume":"34","author":"C Koukorava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koukorava, C. et al. Efficiency of radiation protection equipment in interventional radiology: a systematic Monte Carlo study of eye lens and whole body doses. J Radiol Prot. \n                           34, 509\u2013528 (2014).","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot."},{"key":"556_CR25","unstructured":"ORAMED: Optimization of Radiation Protection of Medical Staff. EURADOS Report 2012-02, Braunschweig, April, http:\/\/www.eurados.org\/~\/media\/Files\/Eurados\/documents\/EURADOS_Report_201202.pdf (2012)"},{"key":"556_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chida, K., Morishima, Y., Katahira, Y., Chiba, H. & Zuguchi, M. Evaluation of additional lead shielding in protecting the physician from radiation during cardiac interventional procedures. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. 61, 1632\u20131637 (2005).","DOI":"10.6009\/jjrt.KJ00004022974"},{"key":"556_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chida, K. et al. Radiation dose and radiation protection for patients and physicians during interventional procedure. J Radiat Res. 51, 97\u2013105 (2010).","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.09112"},{"key":"556_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, Q. et al. Operator Radiation and the Efficacy of Ceiling-Suspended Lead Screen Shielding during Coronary Angiography: An Anthropomorphic Phantom Study Using Real-Time Dosimeters. Sci Rep. 7, 42077 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42077"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00556-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00556-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00556-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:20:44Z","timestamp":1671765644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-00556-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-00556-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"569"}}