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Hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) plays important roles in renal physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, whether H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S could protect against CRF in rats remains unclear. In this study, we found that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S alleviated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in normal rat kidney-52E cells. We demonstrated that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S significantly improved the kidney structure and function of CRF rats. We found that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S decreased the protein levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and Cleaved-caspase-3, but increased the expression of Bcl-2. Treatment with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and ROS and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S significantly abolished the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1\/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 in the kidney of CRF rats. Furthermore, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as the protein levels of p50, p65, and p-p65 in the kidney of CRF rats. In conclusion, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S could ameliorate adenine-induced CRF in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ROS\/mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00557-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T00:39:01Z","timestamp":1490143141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates chronic renal failure in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ROS\/MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianqu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiling","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengfu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6739-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanzhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrick D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22151","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22151","volume":"6","author":"ZH Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. 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