{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:17:21Z","timestamp":1762507041600,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The larval stage of <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> causes cystic echinococcosis (CE), a neglected tropical disease that leads to morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock worldwide. Here, we identified and characterized dihydrofolate reductase (Eg-DHFR) from <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>, and evaluated its potential as a diagnostic antigen for sheep CE. Comparison between mammalian (host) DHFR and Eg-DHFR indicates that 45.7% of the 35 active site residues are different. Immunolocalisation analysis showed that native Eg-DHFR was widely distributed in all life-cycle stages of <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>. Recombinant Eg-DHFR (rEg-DHFR) showed typical DHFR enzymatic parameters towards substrate, and was very sensitive to inhibition by methotrexate (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200927.75\u2009\u00b1\u20091.03\u2009nM) and aminopterin (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200963.67\u2009\u00b1\u20096.76\u2009nM). However, inhibition of DHFR exhibited little protoscolicidal effect <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. As there is no reliable method to monitor sheep CE, the immunogenicity of rEg-DHFR was detected, and we developed an indirect ELISA (iELISA) for CE serodiagnosis. The iELISA exhibited diagnostic specificity of 89.58%, diagnostic sensitivity of 95.83%, and the diagnostic accuracy was 91.67% compared with necropsy. Cross-reactivity assay showed analytical specificity of 85.7%. These suggest that rEg-DHFR is an effective antigen for the diagnosis of sheep CE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00643-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T11:55:06Z","timestamp":1490615706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Characteristics and Serodiagnostic Potential of Dihydrofolate Reductase from Echinococcus granulosus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xingju","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.014","volume":"35","author":"D Jenkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jenkins, D., Romig, T. & Thompson, R. Emergence\/re-emergence of Echinococcus spp.-a global update. Int. J. Parasitol \n                           35, 1205\u20131219 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol"},{"key":"643_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1146","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001146","volume":"5","author":"E Brunetti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunetti, E., Garcia, H. & Junghanss, T. Cystic echinococcosis: chronic, complex, and still neglected. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis \n                           5, e1146 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"643_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.35.283","volume":"35","author":"PS Craig","year":"2007","unstructured":"Craig, P. S. et al. Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease? 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