{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:49:55Z","timestamp":1787003395921,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) shut down host cellular cap-dependent mRNA translation while initiating the translation of viral late mRNAs in a cap-independent manner. HAdV 5\u2032\u00a0untranslated regions (5\u2032UTRs) are crucial for cap-independent initiation, and influence mRNA localization and stability. However, HAdV translational regulation remains relatively uncharacterized. The HAdV tripartite leader (TPL), composed of three introns (TPL 1\u20133), is critical to the translation of HAdV late mRNA. Herein, we annotated and analyzed 72 HAdV genotypes for the HAdV TPL and another previously described leader, the i-leader. Using HAdV species D, type 37 (HAdV-D37), we show by reverse transcription PCR and Sanger sequencing that mRNAs of the HAdV-D37 E3 transcription unit are spliced to the TPL. We also identified a polycistronic mRNA for RID-\u03b1 and RID-\u03b2. Analysis of the i-leader revealed a potential open reading frame within the leader sequence and the termination of this potential protein in TPL3. A potential new leader embedded within the E3 region was also detected and tentatively named the j-leader. These results suggest an underappreciated complexity of post-transcriptional regulation, and the importance of HAdV 5\u2032UTRs for precisely coordinated viral protein expression along the path from genotype to phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00747-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T06:37:08Z","timestamp":1490769428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The 5\u2032UTR in human adenoviruses: leader diversity in late gene expression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mirja","family":"Ramke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Yoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Rajaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chodosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"747_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.031","volume":"11","author":"CM Robinson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robinson, C. M., Seto, D., Jones, M. S., Dyer, D. W. & Chodosh, J. Molecular evolution of human species D adenoviruses. Infect Genet Evol \n                           11, 1208\u201317, doi:10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.031 (2011).","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"747_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005635","volume":"4","author":"MP Walsh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walsh, M. P. et al. Evidence of molecular evolution driven by recombination events influencing tropism in a novel human adenovirus that causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. PLoS One \n                           4, e5635, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0005635 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"747_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01694-09","volume":"48","author":"MP Walsh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walsh, M. P. et al. Computational analysis identifies human adenovirus type 55 as a re-emergent acute respiratory disease pathogen. J Clin Microbiol \n                           48, 991\u20133, doi:10.1128\/JCM.01694-09 (2010).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"747_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.04.006","volume":"456\u2013457","author":"H Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Chen, M. & Pettersson, U. A new look at adenovirus splicing. Virology \n                           456\u2013457, 329\u201341, doi:10.1016\/j.virol.2014.04.006 (2014).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"747_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1475","volume":"196","author":"DE Brough","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brough, D. E., Droguett, G., Horwitz, M. S. & Klessig, D. F. Multiple functions of the adenovirus DNA-binding protein are required for efficient viral DNA synthesis. 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