{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:45:18Z","timestamp":1792075518005,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The variation in the biological function of proteins plays an important role in plasma medicine and sterilization. Several non-thermal plasma sources with different feeding gases are used worldwide for plasma treatment, including dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) as the most commonly used sources. Therefore, in the present work, we used both DBD and APPJ plasma sources with N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and air as feeding gases to evaluate the effects on the structural, thermodynamic, and activity changes of enzymes. In the current work, we used lysozyme as a model enzyme and verified the structural changes using circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, and X-ray crystallography. In addition, we investigated the lysozyme thermodynamics using CD thermal analysis and changes in the B-factor from X-ray crystallography. The results showed that lysozyme activity decreased after the plasma treatment. From these analyses, we concluded that N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-feeding gas plasma disturbs the structure and activity of lysozyme more than Air feeding gas plasma in our experimental studies. This study provides novel fundamental information on the changes to enzymes upon plasma treatment, which has been absent from the literature until now.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01030-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1492081382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Structural and functional analysis of lysozyme after treatment with dielectric barrier discharge plasma and atmospheric pressure plasma jet"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sooho","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Attri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inhwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongmin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ha","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weontae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1030_CR1","unstructured":"Keidar, M. & Beilis, I. I. Plasma Engineering: Application in Aerospace, Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology (Oxford: Elsevier) (2013)."},{"key":"1030_CR2","unstructured":"Laroussi, M. et al. Plasma Medicine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (2012)."},{"key":"1030_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fridman, A.& Friedman, G. Plasma Medicine (New York: Wiley) (2013).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118437704"},{"key":"1030_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan, D. et al. The role of aquaporins in the anti-glioblastoma capacity of the cold plasma-stimulated medium. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics \n                           50, 055401, doi:10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa53d6, Number 5 (2017).","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa53d6"},{"key":"1030_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115012","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/11\/115012","volume":"11","author":"MG Kong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kong, M. G. et al. Plasma medicine: an introductory review. New J. Phys. \n                           11, 115012, doi:10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/11\/115012 (2009).","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"1030_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202001","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/48\/20\/202001","volume":"48","author":"EJ Szili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szili, E. J. et al. Probing the transport of plasma-generated RONS in an agarose target as surrogate for real tissue: dependency on time, distance and material composition. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. \n                           48, 202001, doi:10.1088\/0022-3727\/48\/20\/202001 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"1030_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"053001","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/5\/053001","volume":"42","author":"P Bruggeman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bruggeman, P. & Leys, C. Non-thermal plasmas in and in contactwith liquids. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. \n                           42, 053001, doi:10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/5\/053001 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"1030_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34419","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34419","volume":"6","author":"P Attri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Attri, P. et al. Mechanism and comparison of needle-type non-thermal direct and indirect atmospheric pressure plasma jets on the degradation of dyes. Sci. Rep. \n                           6, 34419, doi:10.1038\/srep34419 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.03033.x","volume":"101","author":"H Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yu, H. et al. Effects of cell surface loading and phase of growth in cold atmospheric gas plasma inactivation of Escherichia coli K12. J Appl Microbiol \n                           101, 1323\u201330, doi:10.1111\/jam.2006.101.issue-6 (2006).","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1030_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2458162","volume":"90","author":"S Perni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perni, S. et al. Probing bactericidal mechanisms induced by cold atmospheric plasmas with Escherichia coli mutants. Appl. Phys. Lett. \n                           90, 073902, doi:10.1063\/1.2458162 (2007).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"1030_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13849","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13849","volume":"5","author":"JH Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park, J. H. et al. A comparative study for the inactivation of multidrug resistance bacteria using dielectric barrier discharge and nano-second pulsed plasma. Sci. Rep. \n                           5, 13849, doi:10.1038\/srep13849 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115016","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/11\/115016","volume":"11","author":"SP Kuo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuo, S. P. et al. Contribution of a portable air plasma torch to rapid blood coagulation as a method of preventing bleeding. New J. Phys. \n                           11, 115016, doi:10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/11\/115016 (2009).","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"1030_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115401","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/49\/11\/115401","volume":"49","author":"N Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar, N. et al. The action of microsecond-pulsed plasma-activated media on the inactivation of human lung cancer cells. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. \n                           49, 115401, doi:10.1088\/0022-3727\/49\/11\/115401 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"1030_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14670","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA15879B","volume":"5","author":"N Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar, N. et al. Influence of water vapour with nonthermal plasma jet on apoptosis of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. RSC Adv. \n                           5, 14670\u201314677, doi:10.1039\/C4RA15879B (2015).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"1030_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028154","volume":"6","author":"HJ Ahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahn, H. J. et al. Atmospheric-pressure plasma jet induces apoptosis involving mitochondria via generation of free radicals. PLoS ONE \n                           6, e28154, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0028154 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1030_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-473","volume":"12","author":"LI Partecke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Partecke, L. I. et al. Tissue Tolerable Plasma (TTP) induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. BMC cancer \n                           12, 473, doi:10.1186\/1471-2407-12-473 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC cancer"},{"key":"1030_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00636","volume":"2","author":"O Volotskova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volotskova, O. et al. Targeting the cancer cell cycle by cold atmospheric plasma. Sci. Rep. \n                           2, 636, doi:10.1038\/srep00636 (2012).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6638","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06638","volume":"4","author":"HM Joh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joh, H. M. et al. Effect of additive oxygen gas on cellular response of lung cancer cells induced by atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet. Sci. Rep. \n                           4, 6638, doi:10.1038\/srep06638 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201400071","volume":"11","author":"EA Ratovitski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ratovitski, E. A. et al. Anti-Cancer Therapies of 21st Century: Novel Approach to Treat Human Cancers Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Plasma Process Polym. \n                           11, 1128\u20131137, doi:10.1002\/ppap.201400071 (2014).","journal-title":"Plasma Process Polym."},{"key":"1030_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.386","volume":"105","author":"M Keidar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keidar, M. et al. Cold plasma selectivity and the possibility of a paradigm shift in cancer therapy. Br. J. Cancer \n                           105, 1295\u20131301, doi:10.1038\/bjc.2011.386 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1030_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"033001","DOI":"10.1088\/0963-0252\/24\/3\/033001","volume":"24","author":"M Keidar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keidar, M. Plasma for cancer treatment. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. \n                           24, 033001, doi:10.1088\/0963-0252\/24\/3\/033001 (2015).","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1030_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7589","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07589","volume":"4","author":"N Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, N. et al. Induced apoptosis in melanocytes cancer cell and oxidation in biomolecules through deuterium oxide generated from atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma jet. Sci. Rep. \n                           4, 7589, doi:10.1038\/srep07589 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9332","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09332","volume":"5","author":"P Attri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Attri, P. et al. Generation mechanism of hydroxyl radical species and its lifetime prediction during the plasma-initiated ultraviolet (UV) photolysis. Sci. Rep. \n                           5, 9332, doi:10.1038\/srep09332 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075096","volume":"8","author":"P Attri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Attri, P. & Choi, E. H. Influence of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Enzyme Stability and Activity in the Presence of Ionic Liquids. PloS One \n                           8, e75096, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0075096 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"1030_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7146","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra20085f","volume":"2","author":"P Attri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Attri, P. et al. TMAO and Sorbitol Attenuate the Deleterious Action of Atmospheric Pressure Non-Thermal Jet Plasma on \u03b1-Chymotrypsin. RSC Adv. \n                           2, 7146\u20137155, doi:10.1039\/c2ra20085f (2012).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"1030_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08221","volume":"5","author":"P Attri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Attri, P. et al. Influence of reactive species on the modification of biomolecules generated from the soft plasma. Sci. Rep. \n                           5, 8221, doi:10.1038\/srep08221 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10031","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10031","volume":"5","author":"H Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Effects and Mechanism of Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma on Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Enzyme. Sci. Rep. \n                           5, 10031, doi:10.1038\/srep10031 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47300","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA04993H","volume":"5","author":"JH Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park, J. H. et al. Effect of nanosecond-pulsed plasma on the structural modification of biomolecules. RSC Adv. \n                           5, 47300\u201347308, doi:10.1039\/C5RA04993H (2015).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"1030_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35883","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35883","volume":"6","author":"JH Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park, J. H. et al. Variation in structure of proteins by adjusting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated from dielectric barrier discharge jet. Sci. Rep. \n                           6, 35883, doi:10.1038\/srep35883 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201100063","volume":"9","author":"E Takai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takai, E. et al. Protein Inactivation by Low-temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Aqueous Solution. Plasma Processes Polym \n                           9, 77\u201382, doi:10.1002\/ppap.201100063 (2012).","journal-title":"Plasma Processes Polym"},{"key":"1030_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201300035","volume":"10","author":"Z Ke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ke, Z. & Huang, Q. Inactivation and Heme Degradation of Horseradish Peroxidase Induced by Discharge. Plasma Processes Polym \n                           10, 731\u2013739, doi:10.1002\/ppap.v10.8 (2013).","journal-title":"Plasma Processes Polym"},{"key":"1030_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0477081","volume":"44","author":"SL Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang, S. L. et al. Structural and Functional Modeling of Human Lysozyme Reveals a Unique Nonapeptide, HL9, with Anti-HIV Activity. Biochemistry \n                           44, 4648\u20134655, doi:10.1021\/bi0477081 (2005).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"1030_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.102749","volume":"93","author":"GP Gorbenko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gorbenko, G. P. et al. Binding of Lysozyme to Phospholipid Bilayers: Evidence for Protein Aggregation upon Membrane Association. Biophys. J. \n                           93, 140\u2013153, doi:10.1529\/biophysj.106.102749 (2007).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"1030_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0345752","volume":"52","author":"Y Mine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mine, Y. et al. Antimicrobial Peptides Released by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hen Egg White Lysozyme. J. Agric. Food Chem. \n                           52, 1088\u20131094, doi:10.1021\/jf0345752 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"1030_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.5.1151","volume":"69","author":"T Imoto","year":"1972","unstructured":"Imoto, T. et al. Fluorescence of Lysozyme: Emissions from Tryptophan Residues 62 and 108 and Energy Migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA \n                           69, 1151\u20131155, doi:10.1073\/pnas.69.5.1151 (1972).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1030_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9718651","volume":"37","author":"E Nishimoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nishimoto, E. et al. Time-resolved tryptophan fluorescence anisotropy investigation of bacteriophage M13 coat protein in micelles and mixed bilayers. Biochemistry \n                           37, 5599\u20135607, doi:10.1021\/bi9718651 (1998).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"1030_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(75)80064-7","volume":"97","author":"CR Beddell","year":"1975","unstructured":"Beddell, C. R. et al. An X-ray study of the structure and binding properties of iodine-inactivated lysozyme. J. Mol. Biol. \n                           97, 643\u2013654, doi:10.1016\/S0022-2836(75)80064-7 (1975).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1030_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9694","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00155a024","volume":"31","author":"AF Chaffotte","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chaffotte, A. F. et al. Kinetic resolution of peptide bond and side chain far-UV circular dichroism during the folding of hen egg white lysozyme. Biochemistry \n                           31, 9694\u20139702, doi:10.1021\/bi00155a024 (1992).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"1030_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1021\/bi962198z","volume":"36","author":"DV Laurents","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laurents, D. V. & Baldwin, R. L. Characterization of the Unfolding Pathway of Hen Egg White Lysozyme. Biochemistry \n                           36, 1496\u20131504, doi:10.1021\/bi962198z (1997).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"1030_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98652","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098652","volume":"9","author":"X Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng, X. et al. The Effect of Tuning Cold Plasma Composition on Glioblastoma Cell Viability. PLoS ONE \n                           9, e98652, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0098652 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1030_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1063\/1.556043","volume":"28","author":"JT Herron","year":"1999","unstructured":"Herron, J. T. Evaluated chemical kinetics data for reactions of N(2D), N(2P), and N2(A3\n                           \u2211\n                           u\n                           +) in the gas phase. J Phys. Chem. Ref. Data \n                           28, 1453\u2013148 (1999).","journal-title":"J Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"1030_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39901","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA05936K","volume":"4","author":"T Takamatsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takamatsu, T. et al. Investigation of reactive species using various gas plasmas. RSC Adv. \n                           4, 39901\u201339905, doi:10.1039\/C4RA05936K (2014).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"1030_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17781","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17781","volume":"5","author":"P Attri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Attri, P. et al. Influence of ionic liquid and ionic salt on protein against the reactivespecies generated using dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Sci. Rep. \n                           5, 17781, doi:10.1038\/srep17781 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1030_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1039\/C0CP01291B","volume":"13","author":"P Attri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Attri, P. et al. Activity and Stability of \u03b1-Chymotrypsin in Biocompatible Ionic Liquids: Enzyme Refolding by Triethyl Ammonium Acetate. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. \n                           13, 2788\u20132796, doi:10.1039\/c0cp01291b (2011).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"1030_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910007493","volume":"66","author":"P Emsley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emsley, P. et al. Features and Development of Coot. Acta Cryst. D. \n                           66, 486\u2013501, doi:10.1107\/S0907444910007493 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Cryst. D."},{"key":"1030_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444996012255","volume":"53","author":"GN Murshudov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murshudov, G. N. et al. Refinement of Macromolecular Structures by the Maximum-Likelihood method. Acta Cryst. D \n                           53, 240\u2013255, doi:10.1107\/S0907444996012255 (1997).","journal-title":"Acta Cryst. D"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01030-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01030-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01030-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:38:59Z","timestamp":1671766739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01030-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-01030-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"1027"}}