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Previous research indicated that high concentrations of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S modulate the root system architecture (RSA) by affecting auxin transport; however, the signaling pathway underlying this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S donor, on primary root (PR) growth in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    using pharmacological, physiological, and genetic approaches. H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S toxicity repressed PR growth by triggering a signal transduction pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation,\n                    <jats:italic>MITOGEN<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MPK6) activation, and nitric oxide (NO) production. Respiratory burst oxidase homolog mutants and an NO synthase mutant were less sensitive to NaHS, suggesting that both ROS and NO mediate the inhibitory effects of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S on PR growth. We found that exogenous H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S-activated ROS production was required for NO generation and that\n                    <jats:italic>MPK6<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S-induced NO production.\n                    <jats:italic>MPK6<\/jats:italic>\n                    was shown to function downstream of ROS and upstream of NO. Finally, we demonstrated that exogenous H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S repressed the distribution of auxin and reduced the meristematic cell division potential in root tips, and NO was involved in this process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01046-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T08:34:22Z","timestamp":1491554062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide toxicity inhibits primary root growth through the ROS-NO pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1046_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh236","volume":"55","author":"E Bloem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bloem, E. et al. Sulphur supply and infection with Pyrenopeziza brassicae influence L-cysteine desulphydrase activity in Brassica napus L. J. Exp. Bot. \n                           55, 2305\u20132312, doi:10.1093\/jxb\/erh236 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"1046_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2008.00769.x","volume":"50","author":"H Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Hydrogen sulfide promotes wheat seed germination and alleviates oxidative damage against copper stress. J. Integr. Plant Biol. \n                           50, 1518\u20131529, doi:10.1111\/jipb.2008.50.issue-12 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"1046_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert055","volume":"64","author":"A Christou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christou, A., Manganaris, G. A., Papadopoulos, I. & Fotopoulos, V. Hydrogen sulfide induces systemic tolerance to salinity and non-ionic osmotic stress in strawberry plants through modification of reactive species biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of multiple defence pathways. J. Exp. Bot. \n                           64, 1953\u20131966, doi:10.1093\/jxb\/ert055 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"1046_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12092","volume":"36","author":"ZG Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, Z. G., Yang, S. Z., Long, W. B., Yang, G. X. & Shen, Z. Z. Hydrogen sulphide may be a novel downstream signal molecule in nitric oxide-induced heat tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. 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Biochem. \n                           65, 67\u201374, doi:10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.01.003 (2013).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"1046_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965424","volume":"9","author":"J Papenbrock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papenbrock, J., Reimenschneider, A., Kamp, A., Schulz-Vogt, H. N. & Schmidt, A. Characterization of cysteine-degrading and H2S-releasing enzymes of higher plants - From the field to the test tube and back. Plant Biol. \n                           9, 582\u2013588, doi:10.1055\/s-2007-965424 (2007).","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"1046_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2009.03.005","volume":"1787","author":"D Mancardi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mancardi, D. et al. Physiological and pharmacological features of the novel gasotransmitter: Hydrogen sulfide. 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New Phytol. \n                           188, 762\u2013773, doi:10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03422.x (2010).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"1046_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12990","volume":"205","author":"SA Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han, S. A., Fang, L., Ren, X. J., Wang, W. L. & Jiang, J. MPK6 controls H2O2-induced root elongation by mediating Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane of root cells in Arabidopsis seedlings. New Phytol. \n                           205, 695\u2013706, doi:10.1111\/nph.12990 (2015).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"1046_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a001537","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001537","volume":"2","author":"P Overvoorde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Overvoorde, P., Fukaki, H. & Beeckman, T. Auxin Control of Root Auxin control of root development, Development. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Boil. \n                           2, a001537, doi:10.1101\/cshperspect.a001537 (2010).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Boil."},{"key":"1046_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/35104500","volume":"414","author":"WM Gray","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gray, W. M., Kepinski, S., Rouse, D., Leyser, O. & Estelle, M. Auxin regulates SCFTIR1-dependent degradation of AUX\/IAA proteins. Nature \n                           414, 271\u2013276, doi:10.1038\/35104500 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1046_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2005.02582.x","volume":"45","author":"A Nakamura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakamura, A. et al. Arabidopsis Aux\/IAA genes are involved in brassinosteroid-mediated growth responses in a manner dependent on organ type. 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