{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:24:39Z","timestamp":1765959879580,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimates of trends in birth weight may be useful in evaluating population health. We aimed to determine whether temporal changes in birth weight have occurred amongst 2.3 million neonates born in Guangzhou, China, during 2001\u20132015 and investigate the socioeconomic determinants of any changes. Trends in mean birth weight and annualized changes with the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA), defined as birth weight &lt;10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> or &gt;90<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile respectively for gestational age and sex, were examined using linear and Poisson regression models. We found that mean birth weight declined by 1.07 grams\/year from 2001 to 2015. After adjustment for gestational length, the decline in birth weight was attenuated (0.37 grams\/year). The incidence of both SGA and LGA significantly decreased during the study period (annual decrease of 1.6% [95% CI, 1.5% to 1.7%] for SGA, 1.6% [95% CI, 1.5% to 1.8%] for LGA). We found a narrowing of disparities in SGA and LGA incidence across different maternal educational levels and residence location. Our results demonstrate that there has been an increase in the proportion of neonates born in the healthy birth weight range in Guangzhou.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01068-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T11:10:33Z","timestamp":1492081833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Birth weight changes in a major city under rapid socioeconomic transition in China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jian-Rong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Shan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan-Fan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song-Ying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jian","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1228-3362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kin Bong Hubert","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Min","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1068_CR1","unstructured":"Nationall Bureau of Statistics of China. Annual Matality Rate of Maternal and Children Age Under Five. http:\/\/data.stats.gov.cn\/english\/easyquery.htm?cn=C01. Date of access: 16\/04\/ (2016)."},{"key":"1068_CR2","unstructured":"Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality. Principal Aggregate Indicators on National Economic and Social Development and Growth Rates in Annual Statistics of 2015. http:\/\/data.gzstats.gov.cn\/gzStat1\/chaxun\/njsj.jsp. Date of access: 16\/04\/2016."},{"key":"1068_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01412.x","volume":"91","author":"A Weissmann-Brenner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weissmann-Brenner, A. et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of large for gestational age pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand \n                           91, 844\u2013849, doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01412.x (2012).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1068_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808","volume":"115","author":"CM Boney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boney, C. M., Verma, A., Tucker, R. & Vohr, B. R. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics \n                           115, e290\u2013296, doi:10.1542\/peds.2004-1808 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1068_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0039","volume":"28","author":"P Saenger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saenger, P., Czernichow, P., Hughes, I. & Reiter, E. O. Small for gestational age: short stature and beyond. Endocr Rev \n                           28, 219\u2013251, doi:10.1210\/er.2006-0039 (2007).","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1068_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340801899289","volume":"87","author":"T Henriksen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henriksen, T. The macrosomic fetus: a challenge in current obstetrics. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand \n                           87, 134\u2013145, doi:10.1080\/00016340801899289 (2008).","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1068_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6","volume":"384","author":"J Villar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Villar, J. et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. 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