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However, whether\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a negative impact on sperm quality and male fertility is still controversial. Herein, we report the effects on sperm quality of the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitr<\/jats:italic>\n                    o exposure of spermatozoa to\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and also the effects of male genital infection on male fertility using an animal model. Human and mouse sperm were obtained from healthy donors and cauda epididimys from C57BL\/6 mice, respectively. Highly motile human or mouse spermatozoa were\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposed to\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (serovar E or LGV) or\n                    <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Then, sperm quality parameters were analyzed. Moreover, male fertility of\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia muridarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected male C57BL\/6 mice was assessed. Human or murine sperm\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposed to increasing bacterial concentrations or soluble factors from\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, did not show differences in sperm motility and viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, ROS production and lipid peroxidation levels, when compared with control sperm (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Moreover, no differences in fertility parameters (potency, fecundity, fertility index, pre- and post-implantation loss) were observed between control and infected males. In conclusion, our results indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. neither directly exerts deleterious effects on spermatozoa nor impairs male fertility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01262-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T07:13:22Z","timestamp":1492586002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Chlamydia trachomatis neither exerts deleterious effects on spermatozoa nor impairs male fertility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jenniffer","family":"Puerta Suarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo R.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florencia C.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector A.","family":"Saka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tissera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia E.","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter D.","family":"Cardona Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben D.","family":"Motrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.024","volume":"31","author":"RC Brunham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunham, R. 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