{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:12:26Z","timestamp":1793801546059,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soil phosphatase levels strongly control the biotic pathways of phosphorus (P), an essential element for life, which is often limiting in terrestrial ecosystems. We investigated the influence of climatic and soil traits on phosphatase activity in terrestrial systems using metadata analysis from published studies. This is the first analysis of global measurements of phosphatase in natural soils. Our results suggest that organic P (P\n                    <jats:sub>org<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), rather than available P, is the most important P fraction in predicting phosphatase activity. Structural equation modeling using soil total nitrogen (TN), mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, thermal amplitude and total soil carbon as most available predictor variables explained up to 50% of the spatial variance in phosphatase activity. In this analysis, P\n                    <jats:sub>org<\/jats:sub>\n                    could not be tested and among the rest of available variables, TN was the most important factor explaining the observed spatial gradients in phosphatase activity. On the other hand, phosphatase activity was also found to be associated with climatic conditions and soil type across different biomes worldwide. The close association among different predictors like P\n                    <jats:sub>org<\/jats:sub>\n                    , TN and precipitation suggest that P recycling is driven by a broad scale pattern of ecosystem productivity capacity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01418-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T09:32:48Z","timestamp":1493112768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":454,"title":["Global patterns of phosphatase activity in natural soils"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Margalef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sardans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Molowny-Horas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. A.","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ciais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Goll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-4808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Obersteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Asensio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Pe\u00f1uelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(76)90066-5","volume":"15","author":"T Walker","year":"1976","unstructured":"Walker, T. & Syers, J. The fate of phosphorous during pedogenesis. Geoderma 15, 1\u201319, doi:10.1016\/0016-7061(76)90066-5 (1976).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"1418_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2002.09.001","volume":"202","author":"OA Chadwick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chadwick, O. A. et al. The impact of climate on the biogeochemical functioning of volcanic soils. Chem. Geol. 202, 195\u2013223, doi:10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2002.09.001 (2003).","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"1418_CR3","unstructured":"Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. The Nature and properties of soils. (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008)."},{"key":"1418_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2005.06.003","volume":"49","author":"BA Caldwell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caldwell, B. A. Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review. Pedobiologia (Jena). 49, 637\u2013644, doi:10.1016\/j.pedobi.2005.06.003 (2005).","journal-title":"Pedobiologia (Jena)."},{"key":"1418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-013-1750-9","volume":"367","author":"BL Turner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turner, B. L. & Condron, L. M. Pedogenesis, nutrient dynamics, and ecosystem development: The legacy of T.W. Walker and J.K. Syers. Plant Soil 367, 1\u201310, doi:10.1007\/s11104-013-1750-9 (2013).","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"1418_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-004-1501-y","volume":"139","author":"SJ Richardson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Richardson, S. J., Peltzer, D. A., Allen, R. B., McGlone, M. S. & Parfitt, R. L. Rapid development of phosphorus limitation in temperate rainforest along the Franz Josef soil chronosequence. Oecologia 139, 267\u2013276, doi:10.1007\/s00442-004-1501-y (2004).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"1418_CR7","unstructured":"J., C. D. In Soil Biochemistry vol 1 (eds Mclaren, A. & Peterson, G.) 216\u2013228 (Dekker, 1967)."},{"key":"1418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026582207192","volume":"226","author":"EJ Joner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joner, E. J., Van Aarle, I. M. & Vosatka, M. Phosphatase activity of extra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae: A review. Plant Soil 226, 199\u2013210, doi:10.1023\/A:1026582207192 (2000).","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"1418_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-012-1493-z","volume":"367","author":"BL Turner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turner, B. L. et al. Soil microbial biomass and the fate of phosphorus during long-term ecosystem development. Plant Soil 367, 225\u2013234, doi:10.1007\/s11104-012-1493-z (2013).","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"1418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppees.2016.01.001","volume":"18","author":"J Sardans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sardans, J. et al. Factors influencing the foliar elemental composition and stoichiometry in forest trees in Spain. Perspect. Plant Ecol., Evol. Syst. 18, 52\u201369, doi:10.1016\/j.ppees.2016.01.001 (2016).","journal-title":"Perspect. Plant Ecol., Evol. Syst."},{"key":"1418_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabatabai, M. A. Soil enzymes. Methods Soil Anal. Part 2\u2014Microbiological Biochem. Prop. 775\u2013833 (1994).","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.2.c37"},{"key":"1418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nannipieri, P., Giagnoni, L., Landi, L. & Renella, G. Role of Phosphatase Enzymes in Soil. 215\u2013243, doi:10.1007\/978-3-642-15271-9 (2011).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15271-9"},{"key":"1418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marklein, A. R. & Houlton, B. Z. Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems. (2011).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03967.x"},{"key":"1418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.09.014","volume":"37","author":"SD Allison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allison, S. D. & Vitousek, P. M. Responses of extracellular enzymes to simple and complex nutrient inputs. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 937\u2013944, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.09.014 (2005).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-005-0172-8","volume":"267","author":"J Sardans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sardans, J. & Pe\u00f1uelas, J. Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Plant Soil 267, 367\u2013377, doi:10.1007\/s11104-005-0172-8 (2004).","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"1418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00157-7","volume":"32","author":"M Waldrop","year":"2000","unstructured":"Waldrop, M., Balser, T. & Firestone, M. Linking microbial community composition to function in a tropical soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32, 1837\u20131846, doi:10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00157-7 (2000).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1351-0754.2003.0570.x","volume":"54","author":"D Tscherko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tscherko, D. et al. Functional diversity of the soil microflora in primary succession across two glacier forelands in the Central Alps. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 54, 685\u2013696, doi:10.1046\/j.1351-0754.2003.0570.x (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"1418_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1139\/x26-204","volume":"26","author":"F Eivazi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eivazi, F. & Bayan, M. R. Effects of long-term prescribed burning on the activity of select soil enzymes in an oak-hickory forest. Can. J. For. Res. 26, 1799\u20131804, doi:10.1139\/x26-204 (1996).","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"1418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00208-4","volume":"32","author":"REJ Boerner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boerner, R. E. J., Decker, K. L. M. & Sutherland, E. K. Prescribed burning effects on soil enzyme activity in a sourthern Ohio hardwood forest: a landscape-scale analysis. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32, 899\u2013908, doi:10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00208-4 (2000).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.02.013","volume":"61","author":"M Spohn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spohn, M. & Kuzyakov, Y. Phosphorus mineralization can be driven by microbial need for carbon. Soil Biol. Biochem. 61, 69\u201375, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.02.013 (2013).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR21","unstructured":"IPCC. Climate change 2007-the physical science basis: Working group I contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC. 4, (Cambridge University Press, 2007)."},{"key":"1418_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02568.x","volume":"18","author":"J Pe\u00f1uelas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1uelas, J., Sardans, J., Rivas\u2010ubach, A. & Janssens, I. A. The human\u2010induced imbalance between C, N and P in Earth\u2019s life system. Glob. Chang. Biol. 18, 3\u20136, doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02568.x (2012).","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"1418_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Penuelas, J. et al. Human-induced nitrogen\u2013phosphorus imbalances alter natural and managed ecosystems across the globe. Nat. Commun. 4 (2013).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3934"},{"key":"1418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson, A. H., Frizano, J. & Vann, D. R. Biogeochemical implications of labile phosphorus in forest soils determined by the Hedley fractionation procedure, Biogeochemical implications of labile phosphorus in forest soils determined by the Hedley fractionation procedure. 487\u2013499, doi:10.1007\/s00442-002-1164-5 (2003).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-002-1164-5"},{"key":"1418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.02.003","volume":"344","author":"BL Turner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Turner, B. L. & Haygarth, P. M. Phosphatase activity in temperate pasture soils: Potential regulation of labile organic phosphorus turnover by phosphodiesterase activity. Sci. Total Environ. 344, 27\u201336, doi:10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.02.003 (2005).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mooshammer, M. et al. Adjustment of microbial nitrogen use efficiency to carbon: nitrogen imbalances regulates soil nitrogen cycling. Nat. Commun. 5 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4694"},{"key":"1418_CR27","unstructured":"Batjes, N. H., Reference, I. S., Isric, I. C., Box, P. O. & Wageningen, A. J. Total carbon. (1996)."},{"key":"1418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1081\/CSS-120017835","volume":"34","author":"EG Beauchamp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beauchamp, E. G., Pararajasingham, R. & Kay, B. D. Relationships of total soil nitrogen to several soil nitrogen indices. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34, 505\u2013518, doi:10.1081\/CSS-120017835 (2003).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"1418_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shepherd, M., Ghani, A., Rajendram, G., Carlson, B. & Pirie, M. Soil total nitrogen concentration explains variation in pasture response to spring nitrogen fertiliser across a single farm. 377\u2013390, doi:10.1007\/s10705-015-9686-5 (2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-015-9686-5"},{"key":"1418_CR30","unstructured":"Guinto, D. F. & Catto, W. Analysis of the relationship between total nitrogen and available nitrogen in non-pastoral topsoils of new zealand from a large soil test database. 81, 1\u20136 (2016)."},{"key":"1418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(96)03953-9","volume":"93","author":"A Velazquez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Velazquez-Mart\u00ednez, A. & Perry, D. A. Factors influencing the availability of nitrogen in thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stands in. the central Oregon Cascades. For. Ecol. Manage. 93, 195\u2013203, doi:10.1016\/S0378-1127(96)03953-9 (1997).","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"1418_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006316117817","volume":"49","author":"LP Olander","year":"2000","unstructured":"Olander, L. P. & Vitousek, P. M. Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability. Biogeochemistry 49, 175\u2013190, doi:10.1023\/A:1006316117817 (2000).","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"1418_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treseder, K. K. & Vitousek, P. M. Effects of soil nutrient availability on investment in acquisition of N and P in Hawaiian rain forests. Ecology 82, 946\u2013954 (2001).","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[0946:EOSNAO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"1418_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07028","volume":"454","author":"BZ Houlton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Houlton, B. Z., Wang, Y.-P., Vitousek, P. M. & Field, C. B. A unifying framework for dinitrogen fixation in the terrestrial biosphere. Nature 454, 327\u2013330, doi:10.1038\/nature07028 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1418_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12196","volume":"102","author":"P Hayes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayes, P., Turner, B. L., Lambers, H. & Lalibert\u00e9, E. Foliar nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency in plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies along a 2-million-year dune chronosequence. J. Ecol. 102, 396\u2013410, doi:10.1111\/1365-2745.12196 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"1418_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo844","volume":"3","author":"IA Janssens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Janssens, I. A. et al. Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition. Nat. Publ. Gr. 3, 315\u2013322, doi:10.1038\/ngeo844 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Gr."},{"key":"1418_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-006-9131-2","volume":"289","author":"J Sardans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sardans, J., Pe\u00f1uelas, J. & Estiarte, M. Warming and drought alter soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability in a Mediterranean shrubland. Plant Soil 289, 227\u2013238, doi:10.1007\/s11104-006-9131-2 (2006).","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"1418_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-66432007000100008","volume":"64","author":"Y Rivas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rivas, Y. et al. Actividad biol\u00f3gica del suelo en dos bosques de Nothofagus del centro sur de Chile. Gayana. Bot\u00e1nica 64, 81\u201392, doi:10.4067\/S0717-66432007000100008 (2007).","journal-title":"Gayana. Bot\u00e1nica"},{"key":"1418_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2005.10.018","volume":"38","author":"N Chacon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chacon, N., Flores, S. & Gonzalez, A. Implications of iron solubilization on soil phosphorus release in seasonally flooded forests of the lower Orinoco River, Venezuela. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 1494\u20131499, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2005.10.018 (2006).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-8-2907-2011","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang, X. & Post, W. M. Phosphorus transformations as a function of pedogenesis: A synthesis of soil phosphorus data using Hedley fractionation method. Biogeosciences 8, 2907\u20132916, doi:10.5194\/bg-8-2907-2011 (2011).","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"1418_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-006-9039-1","volume":"81","author":"H Meyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meyer, H. et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics along a latitudinal transect in Western Siberia, Russia. Biogeochemistry 81, 239\u2013252, doi:10.1007\/s10533-006-9039-1 (2006).","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"1418_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011","volume":"44","author":"J Sardans","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sardans, J., Pe\u00f1uelas, J. & Ogaya, R. Experimental drought reduced acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and increased organic extractable P in soil in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 44, 509\u2013520, doi:10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2008.09.011 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Biol."},{"key":"1418_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(81)90024-0","volume":"26","author":"WB McGill","year":"1981","unstructured":"McGill, W. B. & Cole, C. V. Comparative aspects of cycling of organic C, N, S and P through soil organic matter. Geoderma 26, 267\u2013286, doi:10.1016\/0016-7061(81)90024-0 (1981).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"1418_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00140-6","volume":"32","author":"S Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer, S. & Green, D. M. Acid and alkaline phosphatase dynamics and their relationship to soil microclimate in a semiarid woodland. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32, 179\u2013188, doi:10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00140-6 (2000).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00147-1","volume":"120","author":"BL Turner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Turner, B. L., Baxter, R. & Whitton, B. A. Seasonal phosphatase activity in three characteristic soils of the English uplands polluted by long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Environ. Pollut. 120, 313\u2013317, doi:10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00147-1 (2002).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"1418_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-012-2636-x","volume":"50","author":"J Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han, J., Jung, J., Hyun, S., Park, H. & Park, W. Effects of nutritional input and diesel contamination on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities in antarctic soils. J. Microbiol. 50, 916\u2013924, doi:10.1007\/s12275-012-2636-x (2012).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"1418_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Specht, R. L. In In Mediterranean- Type Ecosystems: Origen and Structure (eds Di Castri, F. & Mooney, H. A.) 113\u2013120 (Chapman and Hall, 1973).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-65520-3_8"},{"key":"1418_CR48","unstructured":"Kruger, F. In Ecosystems of the world. Heathlands and Related Shrublands (ed. Specht, R. L.) 19\u201380 (Elsevier, 1979)."},{"key":"1418_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VEGE.0000049110.88127.a0","volume":"174","author":"J Sardans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sardans, J., Rod\u00e0, F. & Pe\u00f1uelas, J. Phosphorus limitation and competitive capacities of Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia on different soils. Plant Ecol. 174, 307\u2013319, doi:10.1023\/B:VEGE.0000049110.88127.a0 (2004).","journal-title":"Plant Ecol."},{"key":"1418_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12190","volume":"23","author":"P Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, P., Yang, Y., Han, W. & Fang, J. Global patterns of soil microbial nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in forest ecosystems. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 23, 979\u2013987, doi:10.4244\/EIJV10I1A12 (2014).","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"1418_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00196-0","volume":"32","author":"C Trasar-Cepeda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leir\u00f3s, M. C. & Gil-sotres, F. Biochemical properties of acid soils under climax vegetation (Atlantic oakwood) in an area of the European temperate\u2009\u00b1\u2009humid zone (Galicia, NW Spain): speci\u00ae c parameters. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32, 747\u2013755 (2000).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x","volume":"11","author":"MGA Van Der Heijden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Der Heijden, M. G. A., Bardgett, R. D. & Van Straalen, N. M. The unseen majority: Soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol. Lett. 11, 296\u2013310, doi:10.1111\/ele.2008.11.issue-3 (2008).","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"1418_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2004.0252","volume":"69","author":"VJ Allison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allison, V. J., Miller, R. M., Jastrow, J. D., Matamala, R. & Zak, D. R. Changes in soil microbial community structure in a tallgrass prairie chronosequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 1412\u20131421, doi:10.2136\/sssaj2004.0252 (2005).","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"1418_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098778","volume":"305","author":"D Wardle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wardle, D., Walker, L. & Bardgett, R. Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences. Science (80-). 305, 509\u2013513, doi:10.1126\/science.1098778 (2004).","journal-title":"Science (80-)."},{"key":"1418_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1552.1","volume":"80","author":"DA Peltzer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peltzer, D. A. et al. Understanding ecosystem retrogression. Ecol. Monogr. 80, 509\u2013529, doi:10.1890\/09-1552.1 (2010).","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"1418_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.08.022","volume":"37","author":"LP Olander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Olander, L. P. & Vitousek, P. M. Short-term controls over inorganic phosphorus during soil and ecosystem development. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 651\u2013659, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.08.022 (2005).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094875","volume":"304","author":"DA Wardle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wardle, D. A. et al. Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science (80-). 304, 1629\u20131633, doi:10.1126\/science.1094875 (2004).","journal-title":"Science (80-)."},{"key":"1418_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dighton, J. Phosphatase production by mycorrhizal fungi. (Springer, 1983).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-6833-2_51"},{"key":"1418_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00917.x","volume":"160","author":"M \u00d6pik","year":"2003","unstructured":"\u00d6pik, M. et al. Divergent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities colonize roots of Pulsatilla spp. in boreal Scots pine forest and grassland soils. New Phytol. 160, 581\u2013593, doi:10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00917.x (2003).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"1418_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01159.x","volume":"164","author":"KK Treseder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Treseder, K. K. A meta\u2010analysis of mycorrhizal responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, and atmospheric CO2 in field studies. New Phytol. 164, 347\u2013355, doi:10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01159.x (2004).","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"1418_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0503","volume":"8","author":"J Quirk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quirk, J. et al. Evolution of trees and mycorrhizal fungi intensifies silicate mineral weathering. Biol. Lett. 8, 1006\u20131011, doi:10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0503 (2012).","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"1418_CR62","first-page":"40","volume":"80","author":"CG Castillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castillo, C. G., Borie, F., Godoy, R., Rubio, R. & Sieverding, E. Diversity of mycorrhizal plant species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in evergreen forest, deciduous forest and grassland ecosystems of Southern Chile. J. Appl. Bot. food Qual. 80, 40\u201347 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bot. food Qual."},{"key":"1418_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.10.019","volume":"37","author":"P Mora","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mora, P., Miambi, E., Jim\u00e9nez, J. J., Deca\u00ebns, T. & Rouland, C. Functional complement of biogenic structures produced by earthworms, termites and ants in the neotropical savannas. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 1043\u20131048, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.10.019 (2005).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.123521","volume":"148","author":"LA Cernusak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cernusak, L. A., Winter, K., Aranda, J. & Turner, B. L. Conifers, Angiosperm Trees, and Lianas\u202f: Growth, Whole-Plant Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Stable Isotope Composition (d 13 C and d 18 O) of Seedlings Grown in a Tropical Environment 1 [W][OA]. Plant Physiol. 148, 642\u2013659, doi:10.1104\/pp.108.123521 (2008).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"1418_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-005-0033-6","volume":"16","author":"B Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang, B. & Qiu, Y.-L. Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants. Mycorrhiza 16, 299\u2013363, doi:10.1007\/s00572-005-0033-6 (2006).","journal-title":"Mycorrhiza"},{"key":"1418_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.08.019","volume":"262","author":"J Sardans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sardans, J., Rivas-Ubach, A. & Pe\u00f1uelas, J. Factors affecting nutrient concentration and stoichiometry of forest trees in Catalonia (NE Spain). For. Ecol. Manage. 262, 2024\u20132034, doi:10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.08.019 (2011).","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"1418_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.02.021","volume":"38","author":"E Kandeler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kandeler, E. et al. Response of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities to the transient elevation of carbon dioxide in a semi-arid grassland. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 2448\u20132460, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.02.021 (2006).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.81","volume":"2","author":"A Dai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dai, A. Drought under global warming: A review. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Chang. 2, 45\u201365, doi:10.1002\/wcc.81 (2011).","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"1418_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01660.x","volume":"15","author":"M Flannigan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flannigan, M., Stocks, B., Turetsky, M. & Wotton, M. Impacts of climate change on fire activity and fire management in the circumboreal forest. Glob. Chang. Biol. 15, 549\u2013560, doi:10.1111\/gcb.2009.15.issue-3 (2009).","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"1418_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3354\/cr031085","volume":"31","author":"M Moriondo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moriondo, M. et al. Potential impact of climate change on fire risk in the Mediterranean area. Clim. Res. 31, 85\u201395, doi:10.3354\/cr031085 (2006).","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"key":"1418_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.08.021","volume":"39","author":"VJ Allison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allison, V. J., Yermakov, Z., Miller, R. M., Jastrow, J. D. & Matamala, R. Using landscape and depth gradients to decouple the impact of correlated environmental variables on soil microbial community composition. Soil Biol. Biochem. 39, 505\u2013516, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.08.021 (2007).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(69)90012-1","volume":"1","author":"MA Tabatabai","year":"1969","unstructured":"Tabatabai, M. A. & Bremner, J. M. Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1, 301\u2013307, doi:10.1016\/0038-0717(69)90012-1 (1969).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.09.005","volume":"37","author":"LV Verchot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verchot, L. V. & Borelli, T. Application of para-nitrophenol (pNP) enzyme assays in degraded tropical soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 625\u2013633, doi:10.1016\/j.soilbio.2004.09.005 (2005).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"1418_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01245.x","volume":"11","author":"RL Sinsabaugh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sinsabaugh, R. L. et al. Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale. Ecol. Lett. 11, 1252\u20131264, doi:10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01245.x (2008).","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"1418_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1276","volume":"25","author":"RJ Hijmans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 1965\u20131978, doi:10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0088 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"1418_CR76","unstructured":"Group, I. W. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. orld Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps 106, (FAO, 2015)."},{"key":"1418_CR77","unstructured":"Harrell, F E. Jr., Dupont, C and many others. Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. url: http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=Hmisc (2015)."},{"key":"1418_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, J. Structural equation models. Append. to an R S-PLUS Companion to Appl. Regres. (2002).","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.sem"},{"key":"1418_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C.-F. J. Jackknife, bootstrap and other resampling methods in regression analysis. Ann. Stat. 1261\u20131295 (1986).","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350142"},{"key":"1418_CR80","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. at http:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ (2014)."},{"key":"1418_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsaglia, G., Tsang, W. & Wang, J. Evaluating Kolmogorov\u2019s Distribution. J. Stat. Softw. 1\u20134 doi:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v008.i18.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v008.i18"},{"key":"1418_CR82","unstructured":"Breheny, P. and Burchett, W. visreg: Visualization of Regression Models. at http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=visreg (2015)."},{"key":"1418_CR83","unstructured":"Roger Bivand, T. K. and B., R. rgdal: Bindings for the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library. R package version 1.0-4. http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=rgdal. (2015)."},{"key":"1418_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York (2009).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01418-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01418-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01418-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T15:23:58Z","timestamp":1719156238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-01418-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-01418-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"1337"}}