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Using OCT-based indentation, the elastic modulus of mouse diaphragm was measured from changes in diaphragm thickness in response to an applied force provided by an indenter. We used a transgenic mouse model of chronic lung disease induced by the overexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-\u03b1), established by the presence of pleural and peribronchial fibrosis and impaired lung mechanics determined by the forced oscillation technique and plethysmography. Diaphragm elastic modulus assessed by OCT-based indentation was reduced by TGF-\u03b1 at both left and right lateral locations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Diaphragm elastic modulus at left and right lateral locations were correlated within mice (r\u2009=\u20090.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) suggesting that measurements were representative of tissue beyond the indenter field. Co-localised images of diaphragm after TGF-\u03b1 overexpression revealed a layered fibrotic appearance. Maximum diaphragm force in conventional organ bath studies was also reduced by TGF-\u03b1 overexpression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Results show that OCT-based indentation provided clear delineation of diseased diaphragm, and together with organ bath assessment, provides new evidence suggesting that TGF-\u03b1 overexpression produces impairment in diaphragm function and, therefore, an increase in the work of breathing in chronic lung disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01431-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T14:58:56Z","timestamp":1493391536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Optical coherence tomography-based contact\u00a0indentation\u00a0for diaphragm mechanics in a mouse model of transforming growth factor alpha induced lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kimberley C. 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