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Seven treatment groups included (A) intravenous bolus injection of 0.45\u2009mg\/kg rt-PA, (B) intravenous bolus injection of 0.9\u2009mg\/kg, (C) sonothrombolysis with FUS alone, (D) oral administration of 2\u2009g\/kg BNG-1 for 7 days alone, (E) A\u2009+\u2009D, (F) A\u2009+\u2009C, and (G) A\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009D. Four comparison groups were made including (H) 0.45\u2009mg\/kg rt-PA 20% bolus +80% IV fusion\u2009+\u2009FUS, (I) 0.9\u2009mg\/kg rt-PA with 10% bolus\u2009+\u200990% intravenous fusion, (J) B\u2009+\u2009C, (K) B\u2009+\u2009D. At 7 days after carotid occlusion, small-animal carotid ultrasound and 7\u2009T MR angiography showed the recanalization rate of \u226450% stenosis was 50% in group B and 83% in group I, but 0% in groups A and C and 17% in group D. Combination therapy improved recanalization rate to 50\u201363% in groups E and F, to 67\u201383% in groups J and K, and to 100% in groups G and H. Our study demonstrated combination therapy with different remedies can be a feasible strategy to improve the thrombolytic effect of rt-PA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01769-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T14:07:28Z","timestamp":1493820448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Improved thrombolytic effect with focused ultrasound and neuroprotective agent against acute carotid artery thrombosis in rat"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tsong-Hai","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jih-Chao","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Tsung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyh-Liang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-June","family":"Seak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Chen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1769_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61953-4","volume":"383","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feigin, V. 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