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Chondrocytes in injured and diseased situations frequently re-express phenotypic biomarkers of immature cartilage so tissue maturation is a potential pathway for restoration of normal structure and function. We used an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model of growth factor-induced maturation to perform a comparative study in order to determine whether PRP can also induce this specific form of remodeling that is characterised by increased cellular proliferation and tissue stiffness. Gene expression patterns specific for maturation were mimicked in PRP treated cartilage, with chondromodulin, collagen types II\/X downregulated, deiodinase II and netrin-1 upregulated. PRP increased cartilage surface cell density 1.5-fold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.05<\/jats:italic>), confirmed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and proportionate increases in proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene expression. Atomic force microscopy analysis of PRP and growth factor treated cartilage gave a 5-fold increase in stiffness correlating with a 10-fold upregulation of lysyl oxidase like-1 gene expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>). These data show PRP induces key aspects of post-natal maturation in immature cartilage and provides the basis to evaluate a new biological rationale for its activity when used clinically to initiate joint repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02297-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T11:07:27Z","timestamp":1497265647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Platelet-rich plasma induces post-natal maturation of immature articular cartilage and correlates with LOXL1 activation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yadan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben J.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1161-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Fellows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis W.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2297_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603513487553","volume":"4","author":"K Metcalf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Metcalf, K., Mandelbaum, B. & McIIwraith, C. Application of platelet-rich plasma to disorders of the knee joint. Cartilage \n                           4, 295\u2013312 (2013).","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"2297_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1782-x","volume":"133","author":"R Hart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hart, R. et al. Platelet-rich plasma in patients with tibiofemoral cartilage degeneration. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery \n                           133, 1295\u2013301 (2013).","journal-title":"Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery"},{"key":"2297_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1306-y","volume":"19","author":"E Kon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kon, E., Filardo, G., Di Martino, A. & Marcacci, M. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to treat sports injuries: evidence to support its use. 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Platelet-rich plasma intra-articular injection versus hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation as treatments for cartilage pathology: from early degeneration to osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association \n                           27, 1490\u2013501 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association"},{"key":"2297_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0940-8","volume":"18","author":"E Kon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kon, E. et al. Platelet-rich plasma: intra-articular knee injections produced favorable results on degenerative cartilage lesions. 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