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The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess retrograde autologous bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation via core drilling (CD) combined with focused extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) in undisplaced OCL of the talus. A total of 69 patients with unilateral osteochondral lesions of the talus (Hepple grade I\u2013III) were divided into two groups: 41 patients received combined therapy of ESWT and BMC transplantation (group A), while 28 were administered BMC transplantation alone (group B). The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 2\u2009years. Mean follow-up was 4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009years. AOFAS scores increased more significantly while pain intensity levels decreased in group A after treatment, compared with group B values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In MRI follow-up, a more remarkable improvement of OCLs of the talus was observed in group A compared with group B (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040). Therefore, the combined technique reported here is a highly effective therapeutic option in OCLs of the talus with intact cartilage. It promotes patient recovery with pain control, and improves clinical outcome for more than 2\u2009years after surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02378-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T11:52:26Z","timestamp":1494589946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Combined Therapy with Shock Wave and Retrograde Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bailiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhencai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zirong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanshou","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640014543362","volume":"7","author":"I Savage-Elliott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Savage-Elliott, I., Ross, K. 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