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In the present study, the characteristics of IL-9 were investigated in the liver of<jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>infection C57BL\/6 mice. Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and ELISA results demonstrated that the expression of IL-9 significantly increased after infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). FACS results indicated that the peak of IL-9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Th9 cells in the liver mononuclear cells appeared at the early phase of infection (week 5), except that Th9 cells, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Tc cells, NKT and \u03b3\u03b4T cells could secrete IL-9 in this model. Although IL-9 neutralization has a limited effect on liver granulomatous inflammation, it could decrease the level of fibrosis-associated factor, PC-III, in the serum of infected mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Taken together, our results indicated that IL-9 was an important type of cytokine involved in the progression of<jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>infection-induced hepatic damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02422-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1495116046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characteristics of IL-9 induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection in C57BL\/6 mouse liver"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hefei","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanfa","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanwei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaina","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00044-09","volume":"23","author":"DP McManus","year":"2010","unstructured":"McManus, D. 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