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In these patients, an implant should preferably both promote osteoblast differentiation and repress osteoclastic resorption. In the present study, we fabricated coatings containing TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanotubes (NTs) incorporated with strontium (Sr) on titanium (Ti) surfaces through hydrothermal treatment. The amount of loaded Sr was controlled by hydrothermally treating the samples in a Sr(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> solution for 1 and 3\u2009h (samples NT-Sr1h and NT-Sr3h, respectively) and found that both types of NT-Sr samples inhibited osteoclast differentiation by reducing the expression of osteoclast marker genes. Additionally, this inhibitory effect was mainly attributed to suppression of RANKL-induced activation of nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB). Moreover, NT-Sr also inhibited the Akt and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signalling pathways. Interestingly, we also found that NT-Sr promoted RANKL-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Using ovariectomised rats as a model, we observed that NT-Sr prevented bone loss <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that NT-Sr might effectively inhibit osteoclast differentiation by repressing the NF-\u03baB and Akt\/NFATc1 pathways and by negatively regulating the ERK pathway <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02491-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T10:12:42Z","timestamp":1495102362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Strontium-loaded titania nanotube arrays repress osteoclast differentiation through multiple signalling pathways: In vitro and in vivo studies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Baoguo","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanfeng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jijiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8981650","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8981650","volume":"2016","author":"T Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, T. et al. 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