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Here we report the development of an intravascular microbubble-mediated sonothrombolysis device for improving thrombolytic rate and thus minimizing the required dose of thrombolytic drugs. We hypothesize that a sub-megahertz, forward-looking ultrasound transducer with an integrated microbubble injection tube is more advantageous for efficient thrombolysis by enhancing cavitation-induced microstreaming than the conventional high-frequency, side-looking, catheter-mounted transducers. We developed custom miniaturized transducers and demonstrated that these transducers are able to generate sufficient pressure to induce cavitation of lipid-shelled microbubble contrast agents. Our technology demonstrates a thrombolysis rate of 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 percent mass loss\/min <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> without any use of thrombolytic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03492-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T09:06:14Z","timestamp":1496912774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Intravascular forward-looking ultrasound transducers for microbubble-mediated sonothrombolysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwook","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooks D.","family":"Lindsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1000-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Yi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Stavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Dayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3492_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000031167.64088.F6","volume":"106","author":"SZ Goldhaber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goldhaber, S. 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