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In this study, poly(L-\u03b3-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel (PGG-PTX), as a model polymer, was chemically conjugated with Gd-DTPA (Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), a T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-contrast agent of MRI, to prepare a Gd-DTPA-conjugated PGG-PTX (PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd) delivery system used for tumor theranostics. PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd can be self-assembled to NPs in water with a z-average hydrodynamic diameter about 35.9\u2009nm. The 3\u2009T MRI results confirmed that the relaxivity of PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs (r<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200918.98\u2009mM<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>S<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was increased nearly 4.9 times compared with that of free Gd-DTPA (r<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20093.87\u2009mM<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>S<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> fluorescence imaging results showed that PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs could be accumulated in the tumor tissue of NCI-H460 lung cancer animal model by EPR effect, which was similar to PGG-PTX NPs. The MRI results showed that compared with free Gd-DTPA, PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs showed significantly enhanced and prolonged signal intensity in tumor tissue, which should be attributed to the increased relaxivity and tumor accumulation. PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs also showed effective antitumor effect <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. These results indicated that PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs are an effective delivery system for tumor theranostics, and should have a potential value in personalized treatment of tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03633-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T11:02:50Z","timestamp":1497351770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Novel Gd-DTPA-conjugated Poly(L-\u03b3-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel Polymeric Delivery System for Tumor Theranostics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lipeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinge","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3633_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21332","volume":"66","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siegel, R. 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