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TUDCA, unlike PBA, enhances trypsin mediated digestion of BSA. TUDCA activates PERK, an ER-resident kinase that phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor2 (eIF2\u03b1) and promotes the expression of activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in HepG2 cells. In contrast, PBA induced eIF2\u03b1 phosphorylation is not mediated by PERK activation and results in low ATF4 expression. Neither chaperones promote expression of BiP, an ER chaperone, and CHOP (C\/EBP homologous protein), downstream target of eIF2\u03b1-ATF4 pathway. Both chaperones mitigate tunicamycin induced PERK-eIF2\u03b1-ATF4-CHOP arm of UPR and expression of BiP. TUDCA, unlike PBA does not decrease cell viability and it also mitigates tunicamycin, UV-irradiation and PBA induced PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) cleavage and cell death. These findings therefore suggest that TUDCA\u2019s antiapoptotic activity to protect HepG2 cells and PBA\u2019s activity that limits tumor cell progression may be important while considering their therapeutic potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03940-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T10:30:04Z","timestamp":1497349804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Chemical chaperone, TUDCA unlike PBA, mitigates protein aggregation efficiently and resists ER and non-ER stress induced HepG2 cell death"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jagadeesh Kumar","family":"Uppala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina R.","family":"Gani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kolluru V. 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