{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T01:36:43Z","timestamp":1775612203747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parthanatos is a newly discovered form of PARP-1-dependent programmed cell death. It has been reported to play an important role in several cancer or tumour cells; however, few studies have been performed in normal cells. Cadmium is a highly toxic pollutant and is reported to induce autophagy and apoptosis in multiple cell types. Although cadmium toxicity induces cell death, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the mechanism of Cadmium -induced cell damage using rat proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E and primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells. Our results indicated that parthanatos and the MAPK signalling pathway contribute to Cadmium-induced cell death, and that oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage play key roles in this process. In addition, parthanatos with oxidative stress has a synergistic effect on apoptosis, and JNK1\/2 and p38 contribute to parthanatos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04555-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T09:57:09Z","timestamp":1498125429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["PARP-1 overexpression contributes to Cadmium-induced death in rat proximal tubular cells via parthanatos and the MAPK signalling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tongwang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengfei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanglei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchun","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuezhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-016-1653-7","volume":"25","author":"L Xia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xia, L., Chen, S., Dahms, H. U., Ying, X. & Peng, X. Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix. Ecotoxicology \n                           25, 959\u2013969, doi:10.1007\/s10646-016-1653-7 (2016).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"4555_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, R. et al. Celastrol Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting Ca2+-CaMKII-Dependent Akt\/mTOR Pathway. J Cell Physiol, doi:10.1002\/jcp.25703 (2016).","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25703"},{"key":"4555_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-016-0103-6","volume":"49","author":"H Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Cadmium-induced apoptosis of Siberian tiger fibroblasts via disrupted intracellular homeostasis. Biol Res \n                           49, 42, doi:10.1186\/s40659-016-0103-6 (2016).","journal-title":"Biol Res"},{"key":"4555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.11.044","volume":"371","author":"D Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma, D. et al. Deoxypodophyllotoxin triggers parthanatos in glioma cells via induction of excessive ROS. Cancer letters \n                           371, 194\u2013204, doi:10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.11.044 (2016).","journal-title":"Cancer letters"},{"key":"4555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.12.001","volume":"1843","author":"CT Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, C. T., Huang, D. Y., Hu, C. J., Wu, D. & Lin, W. W. Energy adaptive response during parthanatos is enhanced by PD98059 and involves mitochondrial function but not autophagy induction. Biochim Biophys Acta \n                           1843, 531\u2013543, doi:10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.12.001 (2014).","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"4555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.11.017","volume":"291","author":"KL Cooper","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooper, K. L. et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 and DNA repair by uranium. Toxicology and applied pharmacology \n                           291, 13\u201320, doi:10.1016\/j.taap.2015.11.017 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicology and applied pharmacology"},{"key":"4555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.183509.111","volume":"26","author":"X Luo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luo, X. & Kraus, W. L. On PAR with PARP: cellular stress signaling through poly(ADP-ribose) and PARP-1. Genes Dev \n                           26, 417\u2013432, doi:10.1101\/gad.183509.111 (2012).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"4555_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12416","volume":"171","author":"AA Fatokun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fatokun, A. A., Dawson, V. L. & Dawson, T. M. Parthanatos: mitochondrial-linked mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Br J Pharmacol \n                           171, 2000\u20132016, doi:10.1111\/bph.12416 (2014).","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4555_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18314","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606528103","volume":"103","author":"SW Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yu, S. W. et al. Apoptosis-inducing factor mediates poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer-induced cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA \n                           103, 18314\u201318319, doi:10.1073\/pnas.0606528103 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4555_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gkouveris, I. et al. ERK1\/2, JNK and STAT3 activation and correlation with tumor differentiation in oral SCC. Histol Histopathol 11868, doi:10.14670\/HH-11-868 (2017).","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-11-868"},{"key":"4555_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14855","author":"S Caenepeel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caenepeel, S. et al. MAPK pathway inhibition induces MET and GAB1 levels, priming BRAF mutant melanoma for rescue by hepatocyte growth factor. Oncotarget, doi:10.18632\/oncotarget.14855 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"4555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104479200","volume":"277","author":"M Stanciu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stanciu, M. & DeFranco, D. B. Prolonged nuclear retention of activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase promotes cell death generated by oxidative toxicity or proteasome inhibition in a neuronal cell line. J Biol Chem \n                           277, 4010\u20134017, doi:10.1074\/jbc.M104479200 (2002).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4555_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088952","volume":"9","author":"WT Ji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ji, W. T., Chen, H. R., Lin, C. H., Lee, J. W. & Lee, C. C. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) modulates pro-survival signaling to promote progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PloS one \n                           9, e88952, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0088952 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"4555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72377","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072377","volume":"8","author":"R Afriat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Afriat, R., Horowitz, S. & Priel, E. Mycoplasma fermentans inhibits the activity of cellular DNA topoisomerase I by activation of PARP1 and alters the efficacy of its anti-cancer inhibitor. PloS one \n                           8, e72377, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0072377 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"4555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9926-y","author":"L Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng, L. et al. JNK Activation Contributes to Oxidative Stress-Induced Parthanatos in Glioma Cells via Increase of Intracellular ROS Production. Mol Neurobiol, doi:10.1007\/s12035-016-9926-y (2016).","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4555_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089646","volume":"9","author":"AA Akhiani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akhiani, A. A. et al. Role of the ERK pathway for oxidant-induced parthanatos in human lymphocytes. PloS one \n                           9, e89646, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0089646 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"4555_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-009-0425-z","volume":"83","author":"L Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells exposed to lead. Archives of toxicology \n                           83, 417\u2013427, doi:10.1007\/s00204-009-0425-z (2009).","journal-title":"Archives of toxicology"},{"key":"4555_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-015-1547-0","volume":"90","author":"G Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, G. et al. Mitochondrial permeability transition and its regulatory components are implicated in apoptosis of primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells exposed to lead. Archives of toxicology \n                           90, 1193\u20131209, doi:10.1007\/s00204-015-1547-0 (2016).","journal-title":"Archives of toxicology"},{"key":"4555_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166823","volume":"11","author":"G Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, G. et al. Caspase-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Pathways Are Involved in Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Rat Proximal Tubular Cell Culture. PloS one \n                           11, e0166823, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0166823 (2016).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"4555_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luo, T. et al. Treatment of cadmium-induced renal oxidative damage in rats by administration of alpha-lipoic acid. Environmental science and pollution research international, doi:10.1007\/s11356-016-7953-x (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7953-x"},{"key":"4555_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-015-0118-6","volume":"13","author":"C Lennicke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lennicke, C., Rahn, J., Lichtenfels, R., Wessjohann, L. A. & Seliger, B. Hydrogen peroxide - production, fate and role in redox signaling of tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal \n                           13, 39, doi:10.1186\/s12964-015-0118-6 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"4555_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01996.x","volume":"7","author":"HA Toque","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toque, H. A. et al. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) increases arginase activity and contributes to endothelial dysfunction in corpora cavernosa from angiotensin-II-treated mice. J Sex Med \n                           7, 3857\u20133867, doi:10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01996.x (2010).","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"4555_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.10.009","volume":"224","author":"W Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, W. et al. Calcium-calmodulin signaling elicits mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of cytochrome c during cadmium-induced apoptosis in primary osteoblasts. Toxicology letters \n                           224, 1\u20136, doi:10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.10.009 (2014).","journal-title":"Toxicology letters"},{"key":"4555_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.03.027","volume":"459","author":"H Zou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zou, H. et al. Autophagy and gap junctional intercellular communication inhibition are involved in cadmium-induced apoptosis in rat liver cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications \n                           459, 713\u2013719, doi:10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.03.027 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"key":"4555_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Role of connexin 43 in cadmium-induced proliferation of human prostate epithelial cells. J Appl Toxicol, doi:10.1002\/jat.3441 (2017).","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3441"},{"key":"4555_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.07.029","volume":"133","author":"K Manquian-Cerda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manquian-Cerda, K. et al. Effect of cadmium on phenolic compounds, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets grown in vitro. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety \n                           133, 316\u2013326, doi:10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.07.029 (2016).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety"},{"key":"4555_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.511857","volume":"39","author":"MM Harraz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harraz, M. M., Dawson, T. M. & Dawson, V. L. Advances in neuronal cell death 2007. Stroke \n                           39, 286\u2013288, doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.511857 (2008).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"4555_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2014.47.8.119","volume":"47","author":"Y Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, Y. et al. Poly (ADP-ribose) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. BMB Reports \n                           47, 424\u2013432, doi:10.5483\/BMBRep.2014.47.8.119 (2014).","journal-title":"BMB Reports"},{"key":"4555_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2012.e9","volume":"56","author":"A Galia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galia, A. et al. PARP-1 protein expression in glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Histochem \n                           56, e9, doi:10.4081\/ejh.2012.e9 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur J Histochem"},{"key":"4555_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3194","volume":"31","author":"BA Stoica","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stoica, B. A. et al. PARP-1 inhibition attenuates neuronal loss, microglia activation and neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma \n                           31, 758\u2013772, doi:10.1089\/neu.2013.3194 (2014).","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4555_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.220309","volume":"22","author":"P Bhattacharyya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, P. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 causes mitochondrial damage and neuron death mediated by Bnip3, J Neurosci. 2014 Nov 26;34(48):15975\u201387. Ann Neurosci \n                           22, 180, doi:10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.220309 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"key":"4555_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.10.006","volume":"260","author":"XB Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song, X. B., Liu, G., Wang, Z. Y. & Wang, L. Puerarin protects against cadmium-induced proximal tubular cell apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial function. Chemico-biological interactions \n                           260, 219\u2013231, doi:10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.10.006 (2016).","journal-title":"Chemico-biological interactions"},{"key":"4555_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.03.005","volume":"25","author":"SJ Hong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hong, S. J., Dawson, T. M. & Dawson, V. L. Nuclear and mitochondrial conversations in cell death: PARP-1 and AIF signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci \n                           25, 259\u2013264, doi:10.1016\/j.tips.2004.03.005 (2004).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4555_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.004","volume":"47","author":"AJ Kowaltowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kowaltowski, A. J., de Souza-Pinto, N. C., Castilho, R. F. & Vercesi, A. E. Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species. Free radical biology & medicine \n                           47, 333\u2013343, doi:10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.004 (2009).","journal-title":"Free radical biology & medicine"},{"key":"4555_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.04.011","volume":"72","author":"G Gloire","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gloire, G., Legrand-Poels, S. & Piette, J. NF-kappaB activation by reactive oxygen species: fifteen years later. Biochem Pharmacol \n                           72, 1493\u20131505, doi:10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.04.011 (2006).","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"4555_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elkhadragy, M. F. & Abdel Moneim, A. E. Protective Effect of Fragaria Ananassa Methanolic Extract on Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 1\u201327, 10.1080\/15376516.2017.1285973 (2017).","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2017.1285973"},{"key":"4555_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1648-4","volume":"40","author":"P Ben","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ben, P. et al. Protective Effect of L-Theanine on Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells by Inhibiting the Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. Neurochemical research \n                           40, 1661\u20131670, doi:10.1007\/s11064-015-1648-4 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurochemical research"},{"key":"4555_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-017-1349-3","author":"XR Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, X. R. et al. Propofol attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the mitochondria- and ER-medicated pathways in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis, doi:10.1007\/s10495-017-1349-3 (2017).","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"4555_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5381","volume":"13","author":"T Sophonnithiprasert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sophonnithiprasert, T., Mahabusarakam, W., Nakamura, Y. & Watanapokasin, R. Goniothalamin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced activation of JNK in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett \n                           13, 119\u2013128, doi:10.3892\/ol.2016.5381 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"4555_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.02.001","volume":"1810","author":"WQ Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang, W. Q. et al. Retigeric acid B exerts antifungal effect through enhanced reactive oxygen species and decreased cAMP. Biochim Biophys Acta \n                           1810, 569\u2013576, doi:10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.02.001 (2011).","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"4555_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050778","volume":"7","author":"R Yue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yue, R. et al. Lycopene protects against hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. PloS one \n                           7, e50778, doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0050778 (2012).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"4555_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kong, D. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells protect neurons against hypoxic-ischemic injury via inhibiting parthanatos, necroptosis, and apoptosis, but not autophagy. Cell Mol Neurobiol doi:10.1007\/s10571-016-0370-3 (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0370-3"},{"key":"4555_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0887-x","volume":"38","author":"M Scalia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scalia, M. et al. PARP-1 inhibitors DPQ and PJ-34 negatively modulate proinflammatory commitment of human glioblastoma cells. Neurochemical research \n                           38, 50\u201358, doi:10.1007\/s11064-012-0887-x (2013).","journal-title":"Neurochemical research"},{"key":"4555_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/371346a0","volume":"371","author":"YA Lazebnik","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lazebnik, Y. A., Kaufmann, S. H., Desnoyers, S., Poirier, G. G. & Earnshaw, W. C. Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE. Nature \n                           371, 346\u2013347, doi:10.1038\/371346a0 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4555_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18308","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606526103","volume":"103","author":"SA Andrabi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrabi, S. A. et al. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer is a death signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA \n                           103, 18308\u201318313, doi:10.1073\/pnas.0606526103 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4555_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10794","volume":"482","author":"TW Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, T. W., Michniewicz, M., Bergmann, D. C. & Wang, Z. Y. Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by GSK3-mediated inhibition of a MAPK pathway. Nature \n                           482, 419\u2013422, doi:10.1038\/nature10794 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4555_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.23030","volume":"12","author":"B Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways converge on Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 in bronchial epithelial cells induced by arsenic. Cell Cycle \n                           12, 112\u2013121, doi:10.4161\/cc.23030 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04555-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04555-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04555-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T06:01:35Z","timestamp":1671775295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-04555-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-04555-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"4331"}}